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The X band is the designation for a band of frequencies in the microwave radio region of the electromagnetic spectrum. In some cases, such as in communication engineering , the frequency range of the X band is set at approximately 7.0–11.2 GHz .
As a matter of convention, the ITU divides the radio spectrum into 12 bands, each beginning at a wavelength which is a power of ten (10 n) metres, with corresponding frequency of 3×10 8−n hertz, and each covering a decade of frequency or wavelength. Each of these bands has a traditional name.
The spectrum is divided into separate bands, with different names for the electromagnetic waves within each band. From low to high frequency these are: radio waves, microwaves, infrared, visible light, ultraviolet, X-rays, and gamma rays. The electromagnetic waves in each of these bands have different characteristics, such as how they are ...
x Band Satellite Communication operates in the part of the X band or Super High Frequency (SHF) spectrum which is designated by the International Telecommunication Union (ITU) for satellite communication, which is those frequencies in the range 7.25 GHz to 7.75 GHz (Space to Earth) and 7.9 GHz to 8.4 GHz (Earth to Space). [1]
This enables AM radio stations to transmit beyond the horizon. Additionally, frequencies in the shortwave bands between approximately 1 and 30 MHz, can be refracted back to Earth by the ionosphere, called skywave or "skip" propagation, thus giving radio transmissions in this range a potentially global reach.
In telecommunications, the free-space path loss (FSPL) (also known as free-space loss, FSL) is the attenuation of radio energy between the feedpoints of two antennas that results from the combination of the receiving antenna's capture area plus the obstacle-free, line-of-sight (LoS) path through free space (usually air). [1]
At 298 K, X-band microwave frequencies (≈ 9.75 GHz) give / ≈ 0.998, meaning that the upper energy level has a slightly smaller population than the lower one. Therefore, transitions from the lower to the higher level are more probable than the reverse, which is why there is a net absorption of energy.
Radio frequencies and their primary mode of propagation Band Frequency Wavelength Propagation via ELF: Extremely Low Frequency 3–30 Hz: 100,000–10,000 km Guided between the Earth and the D layer of the ionosphere. SLF: Super Low Frequency 30–300 Hz: 10,000–1,000 km Guided between the Earth and the ionosphere. ULF: Ultra Low Frequency 0. ...