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"Schema" comes from the Greek word schēmat or schēma, meaning "figure". [7]Prior to its use in psychology, the term "schema" had primarily seen use in philosophy.For instance, "schemata" (especially "transcendental schemata") are crucial to the architectonic system devised by Immanuel Kant in his Critique of Pure Reason.
The attention schema theory (AST) of consciousness (or subjective awareness) is a neuroscientific and evolutionary theory of consciousness which was developed by neuroscientist Michael Graziano at Princeton University. [1] [2] It proposes that brains construct subjective awareness as a schematic model of the process of attention.
A schema is a mental framework that is created as children ... usually based on experience or prior knowledge. ... Towards a Theory of Knowledge ...
He believed that as people continually adapt to their environments, they take in new information and acquire additional knowledge. Culbert, et al. (1998) posits that by using graphic organizers, prior knowledge is activated, and learners can add new information to their schema and thus improve comprehension of the material. [7]
Figure 1 - containment image schema. An image schema (both schemas and schemata are used as plural forms) is a recurring structure within our cognitive processes which establishes patterns of understanding and reasoning.
A schema is needed to execute, carry out, or realize this unifying idea and put it into effect. This schema is a sketch or outline of the way that the parts of knowledge are organized into a whole system of science. A schema which is sketched, designed, or drafted in accordance with accidental, empirical purposes results in mere technical unity.
Schema are generally defined as mental information networks that represent some aspect of collected world knowledge. Frederic Bartlett was one of the first psychologists to propose Schematic theory, suggesting that the individual's understanding of the world is influenced by elaborate neural networks that organize abstract information and concepts. [8]
Schema theory predicts that information matching prior expectations will be more easily stored and recalled than information that does not match. [34] Some alternative approaches say that surprising information stands out and so is memorable. [34]