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  2. International Centre for Diffraction Data - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Centre_for...

    The PDF contains more than a million unique material data sets. Each data set contains diffraction, crystallographic and bibliographic data, as well as experimental, instrument and sampling conditions, and select physical properties in a common standardized format.

  3. List of free geology software - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_free_geology_software

    This is a list of free and open-source software for geological data handling and interpretation. The list is split into broad categories, depending on the intended use of the software and its scope of functionality. Notice that 'free and open-source' requires that the source code is available and users are given a free software license.

  4. Rietveld refinement - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rietveld_refinement

    Rietveld refinement is a technique described by Hugo Rietveld for use in the characterisation of crystalline materials. The neutron and X-ray diffraction of powder samples results in a pattern characterised by reflections (peaks in intensity) at certain positions.

  5. Comparison of North American ski resorts - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comparison_of_North...

    Download as PDF; Printable version; ... Peek'n Peak Resort: Erie: New York: 1,800 1,400 400 130 27 9 105 ... Free Map Tools - Elevation Finder;

  6. Scherrer equation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scherrer_Equation

    The Scherrer equation, in X-ray diffraction and crystallography, is a formula that relates the size of sub-micrometre crystallites in a solid to the broadening of a peak in a diffraction pattern. It is often referred to, incorrectly, as a formula for particle size measurement or analysis.

  7. Zinc oxide nanoparticle - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zinc_oxide_nanoparticle

    ZnO is a wide-bandgap semiconductor with an energy gap of 3.37 eV at room temperature. [1] ZnO nanoparticles are believed to be one of the three most produced nanomaterials, along with titanium dioxide nanoparticles and silicon dioxide nanoparticles. [2] [3] [4] The most common use of ZnO nanoparticles is in sunscreen.

  8. Difference density map - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Difference_density_map

    Difference density maps are usually calculated using Fourier coefficients which are the differences between the observed structure factor amplitudes from the X-ray diffraction experiment and the calculated structure factor amplitudes from the current model, using the phase from the model for both terms (since no phases are available for the ...

  9. Low-energy electron diffraction - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Low-energy_electron...

    Though discovered in 1927, low-energy electron diffraction did not become a popular tool for surface analysis until the early 1960s. The main reasons were that monitoring directions and intensities of diffracted beams was a difficult experimental process due to inadequate vacuum techniques and slow detection methods such as a Faraday cup.