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International political economy (IPE) is the study of how politics shapes the global economy and how the global economy shapes politics. [1] A key focus in IPE is on the power of different actors such as nation states, international organizations and multinational corporations to shape the international economic system and the distributive consequences of international economic activity.
Foreign policy analysis (FPA) is a technique within the international relations sub-field of political science dealing with theory, development, and empirical study regarding the processes and outcomes of foreign policy. [1] FPA is the study of the management of external relations and activities of state.
However, in some international schools, students can begin studying the syllabus at the beginning of Year 9 and take the test at the end of Year 10. [2] [citation needed] The qualifications are based on individual subjects of study, which means that one receives an “IGCSE” qualification for each subject one takes.
International relations (IR, and also referred to as international studies, international politics, [2] or international affairs) [3] is an academic discipline. [4] In a broader sense, the study of IR, in addition to multilateral relations, concerns all activities among states—such as war, diplomacy, trade, and foreign policy—as well as relations with and among other international actors ...
Complex interdependence in international relations and international political economy is a concept put forth by Robert Keohane and Joseph Nye in the 1970s to describe the emerging nature of the global political economy. [1] [2] The concept entails that relations between states are becoming increasingly deep and complex. These increasingly ...
Pakistan Studies is one of the few heritage subjects [9] for O-level [10] and IGCSE qualifications governed by Cambridge International Examinations. The syllabus covers Pakistan's history, cultural heritage, national identity , geography, economy, and environment, as well as the challenges and opportunities faced by the country. [ 11 ]
Political management is a broad and ever evolving field encompassing a number of activities in professional politics. The field includes campaign management and consulting, advertisement creation/purchasing, grassroots politics, opposition research , issue advocacy, lobbying , fundraising , and polling .
One important area of global politics is contestation in the global political sphere over legitimacy. [3] Global politics is said by some to be distinct from the field of international politics (commonly seen as a branch of international relations [1]), as it "does not stress the primacy of intergovernmental relations and transactions". [4]