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The Second Sex (French: Le Deuxième Sexe) is a 1949 book by the French existentialist philosopher Simone de Beauvoir, in which the author discusses the treatment of women in the present society as well as throughout all of history.
Nonetheless, in practice the French women's movement developed in much the same way as the feminist movements elsewhere in Europe or in the United States: French women participated in consciousness-raising groups; demonstrated in the streets on the 8 March; fought hard for women's right to choose whether to have children; raised the issue of ...
Cixous uses the term the "Logic of Antilove" to describe her understanding of the systematic oppression of women by patriarchal figures. She defines the Logic of Antilove as the self-hatred women have noting that, "they have made for women an antinarcissism! A narcissism which loves itself only to be loved by what women haven't got."
Feminist language philosophers argue that these words participate in making women invisible by having them being used to refer to men and also women. The fact that the pronouns or words for the male gender can be also used to refer to the female gender shows how maleness is dominant and femaleness is subjugated. [20]
During the feminine phase, female writers adhered to male values. In the feminist phase, there was a theme of criticism of women's role in society. And in the female phase, it was now assumed that women's works were valid, and the works were less combative than in the feminist phase. [11]
“The masculine dominates the feminine in the French language; if all the women in the world were accompanied by a dog, they would be constrained, these women and dogs, to be addressed in the masculine form, since women and dogs are obedient.” [11] Asked whether her writing is feminine, she replies:
The academic discipline of women's writing is a discrete area of literary studies which is based on the notion that the experience of women, historically, has been shaped by their sex, and so women writers by definition are a group worthy of separate study: "Their texts emerge from and intervene in conditions usually very different from those which produced most writing by men."
Hélène Cixous (/ s ɪ k ˈ s uː /; French:; born 5 June 1937) is a French writer, playwright and literary critic. [2] During her academic career, she was primarily associated with the Centre universitaire de Vincennes (today's University of Paris VIII ), which she co-founded in 1969 and where she created the first centre of women's studies ...