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Weanling usually refers to a horse, though can be used with any livestock. [1] Weaner is more commonly used for a weaned lamb, calf or pig. [2] A super weaner is an exceptionally large elephant seal which has been nursing from more than one lactating female and weighs considerably more than its peers at weaning age. [3]
Proper hygiene and sterilization techniques are essential when the cow is dried off. Veterinarians will often recommend an appropriate drying off protocol and therapy, which can help prevent common infections such as E.coli, Streptococcus spp and mastitis. [6]
Arguments against dehorning include the following: Dehorning (removing fully grown horns) without the use of anesthesia is extremely painful to the animal. [8] A 2011 study that surveyed 639 farmers found that 52 percent of farmers reported that disbudding caused pain lasting more than six hours, that only 10 percent of the farmers used local anesthesia before cauterization, 5 percent provided ...
A Ming dynasty printed edition. The Qimin Yaoshu, translated as the "Essential Techniques for the Welfare of the People", is the most completely preserved of the ancient Chinese agricultural texts, and was written by the Northern Wei Dynasty official Jia Sixie, a native of Shouguang, Shandong province, which is a major agricultural producing region.
The standard text in the United States, Nutrient Requirements of Beef Cattle, has been through eight editions over at least seventy years. [9] The 1996 seventh edition substituted the concept of metabolizeable protein for the sixth edition's crude protein. [10] [11] In the 20th century, Canadian practice followed the American guidance. [12]
Backgrounding is an intermediate stage sometimes used in cattle production which begins after weaning and ends upon placement in a feedlot.Background feeding relies more heavily on forage (e.g., pasture, hay) in combination with grains to increase a calf's weight by several hundred pounds and to build up immunity to diseases before putting them in a feedlot in preparation for slaughter.
The mother cattle, sometimes known as brood cows, generally come from one of two sources: either female calves raised on the farm itself and retained into adulthood, or cows that are purchased from a specialized seedstock operation which often produces purebred cattle.
In older English sources such as the King James Version of the Bible, cattle refers to livestock, as opposed to deer which refers to wildlife. Wild cattle may refer to feral cattle or to undomesticated species of the genus Bos. When used without a qualifier, the modern meaning of cattle is usually restricted to domesticated bovines. [15]