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micromolar 10 6 M MM megamolar 10 −9 M nM nanomolar 10 9 M GM gigamolar 10 −12 M pM picomolar 10 12 M TM teramolar 10 −15 M fM femtomolar 10 15 M PM petamolar 10 −18 M aM attomolar 10 18 M EM examolar 10 −21 M zM zeptomolar 10 21 M ZM zettamolar 10 −24 M yM yoctomolar 10 24 M YM yottamolar 10 −27 M rM rontomolar 10 27 M RM ronnamolar
Molar concentration or molarity is most commonly expressed in units of moles of solute per litre of solution. [1] For use in broader applications, it is defined as amount of substance of solute per unit volume of solution, or per unit volume available to the species, represented by lowercase : [2]
Neuropeptide receptor affinity is in the nanomolar to micromolar range while neurotransmitter affinity is in the micromolar to millimolar range. Additionally, dense core vesicles contain a small amount of neuropeptide (3 - 10mM) compared to synaptic vesicles containing neurotransmitters (e.g. 100mM for acetylcholine). [7]
The smaller the dissociation constant, the more tightly bound the ligand is, or the higher the affinity between ligand and protein. For example, a ligand with a nanomolar (nM) dissociation constant binds more tightly to a particular protein than a ligand with a micromolar (μM) dissociation constant.
Typically the initial screening hits display binding affinities for their biological target in the micromolar (10 −6 molar concentration) range. Through limited H2L optimization, the affinities of the hits are often improved by several orders of magnitude to the nanomolar (10 −9 M) range.
Micromolar concentrations of adenosine activate A2A and A2B receptors. This inhibits the release of granules and prevents oxidative burst. On the other hand, nanomolar concentrations of adenosine activate A1 and A3 receptors, resulting in neutrophilic chemotaxis towards inflammatory stimuli.
The mall food court was the beating heart of many a teenage hangout, but sadly many once-loved chains have long shuttered. Here are 13 food court restaurants that ruled the mall scene but have ...
Depending on the pharmacological assay, the IC 50 is in the nanomolar to low micromolar range. In addition to its effects on TRPV1 channels, it was also shown to activate the noxious chemical sensor TRPA1 channel, [ 2 ] inhibit the cold activated TRPM8 channel, [ 3 ] voltage-activated calcium channels [ 4 ] and nicotinic acetylcholine receptors ...