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In vitro fertilization (IVF) is a process of fertilization in which an egg is combined with sperm in vitro ("in glass"). The process involves monitoring and stimulating a woman's ovulatory process , then removing an ovum or ova (egg or eggs) from her ovaries and enabling a man's sperm to fertilise them in a culture medium in a laboratory.
Fertilization was not understood in antiquity. Hippocrates believed that the embryo was the product of male semen and a female factor. Aristotle held that only male semen gave rise to an embryo, while the female only provided a place for the embryo to develop, [5] a concept he acquired from the preformationist Pythagoras.
At the beginning of the ninth week, the embryo is termed a fetus (spelled "foetus" in British English). In comparison to the embryo, the fetus has more recognizable external features and a more complete set of developing organs. Human embryology is the study of this development during the first eight weeks after fertilization.
With the 8 couples with embryo cryopreservation, there was a 65% fertilisation rate. At least one good quality day 3 embryo was cryopreserved in 7/8 couples. This experiment shows that IVM of oocytes obtained ex vivo during the processing of ovarian cortex prior to cryopreservation is a promising solution for patients at risk for fertility loss ...
Human sexual reproduction, to produce offspring, begins with fertilization. Successful reproduction typically involves sexual intercourse between a healthy, sexually mature and fertile male and female. [1] During sexual intercourse, sperm cells are ejaculated into the vagina through the penis, resulting in fertilization of an ovum to form a ...
Embryo transfer is the step in the process whereby one or several embryos are placed into the uterus of the female with the intent to establish a pregnancy. Less commonly used techniques in in vitro fertilization are: Assisted zona hatching (AZH) is performed shortly before the embryo is transferred to the uterus. A small opening is made in the ...
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Embryo culture until the blastocyst stage confers a significant increase in live birth rate per embryo transfer, and there is no evidence of a difference between the groups in cumulative pregnancy rates. [2] Transfer day 2 instead of day 3 after fertilization has no differences in live birth rate. [3]