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For the deep-sea ecosystem, the death of a whale is the most important event. A dead whale can bring hundreds of tons of organic matter to the bottom. Whale fall community progresses through three stages: [32] Mobile scavenger stage: Big and mobile deep-sea animals arrive at the site almost immediately after whales fall on the bottom.
Deep-sea organisms generally inhabit bathypelagic (1-4 km, 0.6-2.5 mi deep) and abyssopelagic (4-6 km, 2.5-3.7 mi deep) zones. However, characteristics of deep-sea organisms, such as bioluminescence can be seen in the mesopelagic (200-1,000 m, 650-3,300 ft deep) zone as well. The mesopelagic zone is the disphotic zone, meaning light there is ...
The hadal zone, also known as the hadopelagic zone, is the deepest region of the ocean, lying within oceanic trenches. The hadal zone ranges from around 6 to 11 km (3.7 to 6.8 mi; 20,000 to 36,000 ft) below sea level , and exists in long, narrow, topographic V-shaped depressions.
In the deep ocean, the waters extend far below the epipelagic zone, and support very different types of pelagic life forms adapted to living in these deeper zones. [ 67 ] Much of the aphotic zone 's energy is supplied by the open ocean in the form of detritus .
The existence of these bacteria allow creatures like squids, hatchet fish, octopuses, tube worms, giant clams, spider crabs and other organisms to survive. [3] The oceanic zone is the deep ocean (deep blue) that lies beyond the relative shallows of the continental shelves (light blue)
Increased ocean stratification reduces the introduction of nutrients from the deep ocean into the euphotic zone resulting in decreases in both net primary production and sinking particulate matter. [3] Additional research suggests shifts in the geographical range of many species could also occur with warming, with many of them shifting poleward ...
Below this zone, the deep sea consists of the abyssal zone (ocean depth between 3-6 km, 1.8-3.6 mi) [14] and the hadal zone (6-11 km, 3.6-7 mi). [15] [16] Food consists of falling organic matter known as 'marine snow' and carcasses derived from the productive zone above, and is scarce both in terms of spatial and temporal distribution. [17]
From shallow waters to the deep sea, the open ocean to rivers and lakes, numerous terrestrial and marine species depend on the surface ecosystem and the organisms found there. [1] The ocean's surface acts like a skin between the atmosphere above and the water below, and hosts an ecosystem unique to this environment.
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