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Whiplash, whose formal term is whiplash associated disorders (WAD), is a range of injuries to the neck caused by or related to a sudden distortion of the neck [1] associated with extension, [2] although the exact injury mechanisms remain unknown. The term "whiplash" is a colloquialism. "Cervical acceleration–deceleration" (CAD) describes the ...
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The most common mechanism of injury is high-speed motor vehicle accidents. The injury is more likely in children due to the large size of their heads relative to their bodies, and more horizontal orientation of the occipital condyles. It represents <1% of all cervical spine injuries. [1] Several subtypes of atlanto-occipital dislocation are known.
Closed head injury (coup contrecoup) can damage more than the impact sites on the brain, as axon bundles may be torn or twisted, blood vessels may rupture, and elevated intracranial pressure can distort the walls of the ventricles. [7] [10] [11] Diffuse axonal injury is a key pathology in concussive brain injury. [5] The visual system may be ...
The chin injury may appear minor, often just a small abrasion or laceration. [ 6 ] Ring fracture: This type separates the rim of the foramen magnum , the outlet at the base of the skull through which the brain stem exits and becomes the spinal cord, from the rest of the skull base.
In a car accident, the vehicle jerks the neck forward and backward resulting in cervical spine damage resulting in a whiplash. As a result, the cervical spine become misaligned and produces direct spinal cord irritation creating tighter muscles on one side of the body [ 24 ] Neck braces can help temporarily.
Infants and toddlers have fallen headfirst into toilet bowls and drowned. Safety devices exist to help prevent such accidents. [1] [2] Injuries to adults include bruised buttocks and tail bones, as well as dislocated hips have resulted from unexpectedly sitting on the toilet bowl rim because the seat is up or loose.
A rising percentage of car accidents result in a refund claim based on whiplash. This is partly due to an increased awareness, but it is likely that the difficulty excluding the diagnosis makes it easy to raise false claims. Personal injury claims and awards as a whole have been going down, contrary to what insurance companies say.