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Variance analysis can be carried out for both costs and revenues. Variance analysis is usually associated with explaining the difference (or variance) between actual costs and the standard costs allowed for the good output. For example, the difference in materials costs can be divided into a materials price variance and a materials usage variance.
Sales variance is the difference between actual sales and budgeted sales. [1] It is used to measure the performance of a sales function, and/or analyze business results to better understand market conditions.
According to the PMBOK (7th edition) by the Project Management Institute (PMI), Cost variance (CV) is a "The amount of budget deficit or surplus at a given point in time, expressed as the difference between the earned value and the actual cost." [19] Cost variance compares the estimated cost of a deliverable with the actual cost. [20]
The budget process is broken down into two steps: A budget resolution, which is a non-binding blueprint that outlines fiscal goals but does not carry the force of law.
A relationship between the cost, volume and profit is the contribution margin. The contribution margin is the revenue excess from sales over variable costs. The concept of contribution margin is particularly useful in the planning of business because it gives an insight into the potential profits that a business can generate.
The BOE can be used to ensure financial stability of a company. Through accurate budgeting and proper calculations, all projects, regardless of size and scope, can incorporate a BOE. Through the incorporation of this essential tool, a company's financial budget can run effectively and smoothly based on fine-tuned calculations.
A business analyst's job description tends to include "creating detailed business analysis, outlining problems, opportunities and solutions for a business, budgeting and forecasting, planning and monitoring, variance and analysis, pricing, reporting, and defining business requirements and reporting back to stakeholders".
Management accountants (also called managerial accountants) look at the events that happen in and around a business while considering the needs of the business. From this, data and estimates emerge. Cost accounting is the process of translating these estimates and data into knowledge that will ultimately be used to guide decision-making.