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Gross clubbing – Thickening of the whole distal (end part of the) finger (resembling a drumstick) Hypertrophic osteoarthropathy – Shiny aspect and striation of the nail and skin Schamroth's sign or Schamroth's window test (originally demonstrated by South African cardiologist Leo Schamroth on himself) [ 16 ] is a popular test for clubbing.
The disease is named after Georg Ledderhose, a German surgeon who described the condition for the first time in 1894. [3] [4] A similar disease is Dupuytren's disease, which affects the hand and causes bent hand or fingers. As in most forms of fibromatosis, it is usually benign and its onset varies with each patient. [5]
In Dupuytren's contracture, the palmar fascia within the hand becomes abnormally thick, which can cause the fingers to curl and can impair finger function. The main function of the palmar fascia is to increase grip strength; thus, over time, Dupuytren's contracture decreases a person's ability to hold objects and use the hand in many different ...
Dactylitis can occur in seronegative arthropathies, such as psoriatic arthritis and ankylosing spondylitis, and in sickle-cell disease as result of a vasoocclusive crisis with bone infarcts, and in infectious conditions including tuberculosis, syphilis, and leprosy. In reactive arthritis, sausage fingers occur due to synovitis. [2]
Occasionally, a physician may decide imaging studies (such as X-rays, diagnostic ultrasound, or MRI) are warranted to rule out serious causes of foot pain. Other diagnoses that are typically considered include fractures, tumors, or systemic disease if plantar fasciitis pain fails to respond appropriately to conservative medical treatments.
Athlete's foot is the most common fungal disease, with possibly more than 50% of the population affected at some time. [2] [4] Tinea manuum accounts for less than 2% of all superficial fungal infections. [2] Tinea manuum is rare in both hands. [2] Scenarios with one foot and two hands, and one foot and one hand, have been described. [15]
There is usually no pain or other bodily symptoms, unless the disease is severe. [9] People with onychomycosis may experience significant psychosocial problems due to the appearance of the nail, particularly when fingers – which are always visible – rather than toenails are affected. [10]
Hand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD) is a common infection caused by a group of enteroviruses. [10] It typically begins with a fever and feeling generally unwell . [ 10 ] This is followed a day or two later by flat discolored spots or bumps that may blister, on the hands, feet and mouth and occasionally buttocks and groin.