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Blastocystis hominis is a single-celled eukaryotic organism that inhabits the gastrointestinal tract of humans and various animals. [1] This stramenopile exhibits significant genetic diversity and has become an organism of increasing scientific interest due to its widespread distribution and controversial role in human health. [ 2 ]
Blastocystis has low host specificity, and many different species of Blastocystis can infect humans, [3] and by current convention, any of these species would be identified as Blastocystis hominis. Blastocystis is one of the most common human parasites in the world and has a global distribution.
Researchers have published conflicting reports concerning whether Blastocystis causes symptoms in humans, with one of the earliest reports in 1916. [2] The incidence of reports associated with symptoms began to increase in 1984, [3] with physicians from Saudi Arabia reporting symptoms in humans [4] and US physicians reporting symptoms in individuals with travel to less developed countries. [5]
Blastocystis spp. intestinal direct microscopy of stool (PCR, antibody) • worldwide: one of the most common human parasites [1] [2] • Developing regions: infects 40–100% of the total populations [1] [2] [3] eating food contaminated with feces from an infected human or animal Cryptosporidiosis: Cryptosporidium spp. intestines stool widespread
We also know the cysteine protease activativation of receptor-2 plays a role in the presence of abdominal pain and diffuse symptoms in Blastocystis infection, even in the absence of any endoscopic findings (Sohail, M. R., and P. R. Fischer. 2005. Blastocystis hominis and travelers. Travel Medicine Infectious Diseases. 333-38). AndB. hominis WR1 ...
Blastocystis is a single-celled protozoan which infects the large intestine. Physicians report that patients with infection show symptoms of abdominal pain, constipation, and diarrhea. [54] [55] [56] One study found that 43% of IBS patients were infected with Blastocystis versus 7% of controls. [49]
Nitazoxanide is an effective first-line treatment for infection by Blastocystis species [11] [12] and is indicated for the treatment of infection by Cryptosporidium parvum or Giardia lamblia in immunocompetent adults and children. [1]
Entamoeba coli is a non-pathogenic species of Entamoeba that frequently exists as a commensal parasite in the human gastrointestinal tract. E. coli (not to be confused with the bacterium Escherichia coli) is important in medicine because it can be confused during microscopic examination of stained stool specimens with the pathogenic Entamoeba histolytica. [1]