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This Wikipedia page provides a comprehensive list of boiling and freezing points for various solvents.
Example chromatogram showing signal as a function of retention time. In chromatography, resolution is a measure of the separation of two peaks of different retention time t in a chromatogram. [1] [2] [3] [4]
In gas chromatography, the Kovats retention index (shorter Kovats index, retention index; plural retention indices) is used to convert retention times into system-independent constants. The index is named after the Hungarian-born Swiss chemist Ervin Kováts , who outlined the concept in the 1950s while performing research into the composition ...
Inverse gas chromatography is a physical characterization analytical technique that is used in the analysis of the surfaces of solids. [ 1 ] Inverse gas chromatography or IGC is a highly sensitive and versatile gas phase technique developed over 40 years ago to study the surface and bulk properties of particulate and fibrous materials.
An R F value will always be in the range 0 to 1; if the substance moves, it can only move in the direction of the solvent flow, and cannot move faster than the solvent. For example, if particular substance in an unknown mixture travels 2.5 cm and the solvent front travels 5.0 cm, the retardation factor would be 0.50.
This page contains tables of azeotrope data for various binary and ternary mixtures of solvents. The data include the composition of a mixture by weight (in binary azeotropes, when only one fraction is given, it is the fraction of the second component), the boiling point (b.p.) of a component, the boiling point of a mixture, and the specific gravity of the mixture.
Chromatography software is called also Chromatography Data System. [1] It is located in the data station of the modern liquid, gas or supercritical fluid chromatographic systems.
Headspace gas chromatography uses headspace gas—from the top or "head" of a sealed container containing a liquid or solid brought to equilibrium [1] —injected directly onto a gas chromatographic column for separation and analysis. In this process, only the most volatile (most readily existing as a vapor) substances make it to the column. [2]