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If the null hypothesis is valid, the only thing the test person can do is guess. For every card, the probability (relative frequency) of any single suit appearing is 1/4. If the alternative is valid, the test subject will predict the suit correctly with probability greater than 1/4. We will call the probability of guessing correctly p. The ...
Before performing a Yates analysis, the data should be arranged in "Yates' order". That is, given k factors, the k th column consists of 2 (k - 1) minus signs (i.e., the low level of the factor) followed by 2 (k - 1) plus signs (i.e., the high level of the factor). For example, for a full factorial design with three factors, the design matrix is
NRI attempts to quantify how well a new model correctly reclassifies subjects. Typically this comparison is between an original model (e.g. hip fractures as a function age and sex) and a new model which is the original model plus one additional component (e.g. hip fractures as a function of age, sex, and a genetic or proteomic biomarker).
Two main statistical methods are used in data analysis: descriptive statistics, which summarize data from a sample using indexes such as the mean or standard deviation, and inferential statistics, which draw conclusions from data that are subject to random variation (e.g., observational errors, sampling variation). [4]
[1] (3.1) The theory of chance consists in reducing all the events of the same kind to a certain number of cases equally possible, that is to say, to such as we may be equally undecided about in regard to their existence, and in determining the number of cases favorable to the event whose probability is sought.
Data analysis is the process of inspecting, cleansing, transforming, and modeling data with the goal of discovering useful information, informing conclusions, and supporting decision-making. [1] Data analysis has multiple facets and approaches, encompassing diverse techniques under a variety of names, and is used in different business, science ...
Describe the differences in proportions using the rule of thumb criteria set out by Cohen. [1] Namely, h = 0.2 is a "small" difference, h = 0.5 is a "medium" difference, and h = 0.8 is a "large" difference. [2] [3] Only discuss differences that have h greater than some threshold value, such as 0.2. [4]
Given a sample from a normal distribution, whose parameters are unknown, it is possible to give prediction intervals in the frequentist sense, i.e., an interval [a, b] based on statistics of the sample such that on repeated experiments, X n+1 falls in the interval the desired percentage of the time; one may call these "predictive confidence intervals".