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Feudalism in the 12th century Norman England was among the better structured and established in Europe at the time. However, it could be structurally complex, which is illustrated by the example of the feudal barony of Stafford as described in a survey of knight's fees made in 1166 and recorded in The Black Book of the Exchequer.
The adjective feudal was in use by at least 1405, and the noun feudalism was in use by the end of the 18th century, [4] paralleling the French féodalité.. According to a classic definition by François Louis Ganshof (1944), [1] feudalism describes a set of reciprocal legal and military obligations of the warrior nobility that revolved around the key concepts of lords, vassals and fiefs, [1 ...
The final major event in the fall of English feudalism is considered to be the Black Death, which killed many of the peasants. The reduced supply of labour led to it commanding a higher price. This led to the Statute of Labourers 1351, which prohibited the payment of wages above their pre-plague wages levels. This caused peasants to work more ...
When a baron died, his heir had to pay the king a feudal relief before he could inherit. As a feudal lord, the king was entitled to the military service of his vassals. But this could be replaced with a money payment called scutage. Levies became more frequent in the Angevin period. By the reign of King John, scutage was being levied every 18 ...
In order to understand the character of English finance in the Middle Ages, it is essential to constantly bear in mind the identification of the king with the state.. Although feudalism was, in one aspect, a powerful instrument for the division of political authority, the particular form in which the Conqueror introduced it to England nevertheless enabled the fiscal rights of the crown to be ...
Feudal duties were the set of reciprocal financial, military and legal obligations among the warrior nobility in a feudal system. [1] These duties developed in both Europe and Japan with the decentralisation of empire and due to lack of monetary liquidity, as groups of warriors took over the social, political, judicial, and economic spheres of the territory they controlled. [2]
Under the English feudal system several different forms of land tenure existed, each effectively a contract with differing rights and duties attached thereto. Such tenures could be either free-hold if they were hereditable or perpetual or non-free if they terminated on the tenant's death or at an earlier specified period.
Feudal maintenance under feudal systems of government, was the money payment to soldiers who fought in the interest and at the command of their lord. [1] Such soldiers comprised private armies, each with uniquely identifiable livery. The system of feudal government under which maintenance was paid was most notably present in Europe during the ...