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David Playing the Harp by Jan de Bray, 1670.. Knowledge of the biblical period is mostly from literary references in the Bible and post-biblical sources. Religion and music historian Herbert Lockyer, Jr. writes that "music, both vocal and instrumental, was well cultivated among the Hebrews, the New Testament Christians, and the Christian church through the centuries."
There are two instrumental numbers, the opening Sinfony [n 3] in the style of a French overture, and the pastoral Pifa, often called the "pastoral symphony", at the mid-point of Part I. [18] In Part I, the Messiah's coming and the virgin birth are predicted by the Old Testament prophets.
For example, there are many masses (often called "Communion Services") written in English for the Church of England. At a time when Christianity was competing for prominence with other religions, the music and chants were often beautiful and elaborate to attract new members to the Church. [9] Music is an integral part of mass.
Nonetheless, the only text called a canticle in the rubrics of the Book of Common Prayer is the Benedicite, while the Song of Solomon is called the Canticles in the Lectionary. [3] At Morning Prayer: Te Deum or Benedicite (Daniel 3:57–88 in the Apocrypha) Benedictus (Luke 1:68–79) or Jubilate Deo ; At Evening Prayer:
Ancient Eastern hymns include the Egyptian Great Hymn to the Aten, composed by Pharaoh Akhenaten; [6] the Hurrian Hymn to Nikkal; [7] the Rigveda, an Indian collection of Vedic hymns; [8] hymns from the Classic of Poetry (Shijing), a collection of Chinese poems from 11th to 7th centuries BC; [9] the Gathas—Avestan hymns believed to have been composed by Zoroaster; [10] and the Biblical Book ...
Most of these are found in the Old Testament, but the final ode is taken from the Magnificat and Song of Zechariah from the New Testament. [ a ] The roots of this type of hymn go as far back as the 5th century, reaching maturity in the Greek language through the work of St. Andrew of Crete , whose penitential Great Canon is still used on ...
Eventually these settings became a separate form of Passion music. Perhaps the most outstanding work in this genre in the Lutheran tradition is the work by Heinrich Schütz. Joseph Haydn composed string quartets titled Die sieben letzten Worte unseres Erlösers am Kreuze (The seven last words of our Redeemer on the cross).
A secondary phenomenon, which distinguishes a part of the poems of the Old Testament from the other parts, is the so-called accentuatio poetica; it has been much slighted. [45] Although not all the poetical portions of the Old Testament are marked by a special accentuation, the Book of Job in 3:3-42:6 and the books of Psalms and Proverbs ...