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Offset printing is a common printing technique in which the inked image is transferred (or "offset") from a plate to a rubber blanket and then to the printing surface. When used in combination with the lithographic process, which is based on the repulsion of oil and water, the offset technique employs a flat (planographic) image carrier.
A large-format inkjet print can cost more than ten times that of a four-color offset litho print of the same image in a run of 1,000, not including scanning and color correction. Four-color offset lithographic presses have the disadvantage of the full job having to be set up and produced all at once in a mass edition.
The printing is from a stone (lithographic limestone) or a metal plate with a smooth surface. It was invented in 1796 by the German author and actor Alois Senefelder and was initially used mostly for musical scores and maps. [3] [4] Lithography can be used to print text or images onto paper or other suitable material. [5]
The name originated from a loose analogy with the traditional photographic method of producing plates for lithographic printing on paper; [3] however, subsequent stages in the process have more in common with etching than with traditional lithography. Conventional photoresists typically consist of three components: resin, sensitizer, and solvent.
Lithography is a method of printing on flat surfaces using a flat printing plate instead of raised relief or recessed intaglio techniques. [ 2 ] Chromolithography became the most successful of several methods of colour printing developed in the 19th century.
Gravure printing of electronic structures on paper. Printed electronics is a set of printing methods used to create electrical devices on various substrates. Printing typically uses common printing equipment suitable for defining patterns on material, such as screen printing, flexography, gravure, offset lithography, and inkjet.
In printing, anti-set-off spray powder is used to make an air gap between printed sheets of paper. This enables the ink to dry naturally and therefore avoid the unwanted transfer of ink from one printed sheet to another. The problem can occur with most types of printing.
A lithographic limestone printing plate after use to print a map. Note the uniform fine texture of the stone. Lithographic limestone is hard limestone that is sufficiently fine-grained, homogeneous and defect free to be used for lithography. Geologists use the term "lithographic texture" to refer to a grain size under 1/250 mm. [1]