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Atrioventricular septal defect (AVSD) or atrioventricular canal defect (AVCD), also known as "common atrioventricular canal" or "endocardial cushion defect" (ECD), is characterized by a deficiency of the atrioventricular septum of the heart that creates connections between all four of its chambers. It is a very specific combination of 3 defects:
This is a very serious condition and surgery is necessary within the first six months of life for a child. [2] Half of the children who are untreated with this condition die during their first year due to heart failure or pneumonia. [3] Atrioventricular canal defect is a combination of abnormalities of the heart and is present at birth.
All infants with TGA will need surgery to correct the defect. Life expectancy is only a few months if corrective surgery is not performed. [citation needed] Before surgery: For newborns with transposition, prostaglandins can be given to keep the ductus arteriosus open which allows for the mixing of the otherwise isolated pulmonary and systemic ...
DiGeorge syndrome, also known as 22q11.2 deletion syndrome, is a syndrome caused by a microdeletion on the long arm of chromosome 22. [7] While the symptoms can vary, they often include congenital heart problems, specific facial features, frequent infections, developmental disability, intellectual disability and cleft palate. [7]
Patients who are diagnosed with AAOCA at or before age 30 years are eligible for this study. They should have otherwise normal heart or only minor defects such as Atrial septal defect, Ventricular septal defect, Patent ductus arteriosus, bicuspid aortic valve, mild pulmonary stenosis etc. [1]
Heart sounds of a ventricular septal defect patient. The condition consists of atresia affecting the pulmonary valve and a hypoplastic right ventricular outflow tract. The ventricular septal defect doesn't impede the in and outflowing of blood in the ventricular septum, which helps it form during fetal life. [3] [5]
[5]: 62 Babies with Down syndrome and other chromosomal defects that cause congenital heart defects may also be at risk of teratology of Fallot. [11] Teratology of fallot is typically treated by open heart surgery in the first year of life. [8] The timing of surgery depends on the baby's symptoms and size. [8]
Hypoplastic right heart syndrome (HRHS) is a congenital heart defect in which the structures on the right side of the heart, particularly the right ventricle, are underdeveloped. This defect causes inadequate blood flow to the lungs , and thus a cyanotic infant.