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It has the same general shape as a soprano, but is larger in all dimensions, resulting in a lower pitch for a given fingering. The F alto is a non- transposing instrument , though its basic scale is in F, that is, a fifth lower than the soprano recorder and a fourth higher than the tenor (both with a basic scale in C).
The chanter's tonic is played with the top six holes and the thumb hole covered by fingers. Starting at the bottom and (in the Galician fingering pattern) progressively opening holes creates the diatonic scale. Using techniques like cross-fingering and half-holing, the chromatic scale can be created. With extra pressure on the bag, the reed can ...
The earliest known description of such an instrument in Britain is in the Talbot manuscript [7] from about 1695. The descriptions of bagpipes mentioned in this early source are reproduced in [8] One of these instruments was a bellows-blown 'Bagpipe, Scotch', with three drones, whose keyless chanter had a one-octave range from G to g, with each note being sounded by uncovering a single hole, as ...
English border pipes have been reconstructed by Swayne, and they have in common with the Lowland Scottish pipes above 2-4 drones in a single stock, but the design of the chanter (melody pipe) is closer to the French cornemuse du centre and uses the same "half-closed" fingering system. Cornish bagpipes: an extinct type of double chanter bagpipe ...
Cross-fingering is any fingering, "requiring a closed hole or holes below an open one." [ 9 ] "Opening successive tone holes in woodwind instruments shortens the standing wave in the bore. However, the standing wave propagates past the first open hole, so its frequency can be affected by closing other tone holes further downstream.
The soprano recorder in C, also known as the descant, is the third-smallest instrument of the modern recorder family and is usually played as the highest voice in four-part ensembles (SATB = soprano, alto, tenor, bass).
This chart is a general guide, but by no means a definitive or complete fingering chart for the recorder, an impossible task. Rather, it is the basis for a much more complex fingering system, which is still being added to today. Some fonts show miniature glyphs of complete recorder fingering charts in TrueType format. [51]
I guess the fingering charts just need to show the "standard" fingerings and we assume that players who are exploring more of the subtleties of the instrument will check out some of the references and will have to experiment with their own instruments to find the fingerings that work.