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The blackfin icefish (Chaenocephalus aceratus), also known as the Scotia Sea icefish, is a species of crocodile icefish belonging to the family Channichthyidae. [2] The blackfin icefish belongs to Notothenioidei, a suborder of fishes that accounts for 90% of the fish fauna on the Antarctic continental shelf. [3]
The fish can live without hemoglobin via low metabolic rates and the high solubility of oxygen in water at the low temperatures of their environment (the solubility of a gas tends to increase as temperature decreases). [2] However, the oxygen-carrying capacity of icefish blood is less than 10% that of their relatives with hemoglobin. [16]
Antarctic fish fit these criteria with modifications in swim bladders, development of AFGPs, loss of HSPs and modifications in oxygen transport while inhabiting the same geographic area. Antarctic fish speciation coincides with the separation of Antarctica from Gondwana, a continent composed of Antarctica, Australia, South America and Africa.
The ocellated icefish (Chionodraco rastrospinosus) is a fish of the family Channichthyidae. [3] [4] It lives in the cold waters off Antarctica and is known for having transparent haemoglobin-free blood. [5] [6] C. rastrospinosus live in the Southern Ocean up to a depth of 1 km. They are most commonly found on the seabed at 200–400 m.
In January 2014 the first nesting Jonah's icefish records were made, [5] and in February 2021 a larger colony estimated to be composed of approximately 60 million Jonah's icefish was found, [6] both colonies were discovered inhabiting the Filchner Trough in the southern Weddell Sea, off the coast of Antarctica between 420 to 535 metres (1,378 ...
In 2023, the Antarctic sea ice reached record-low levels, with over 2 million square kilometres less ice than usual during winter – about 10 times the size of the UK.
Lake Vostok (Russian: озеро Восток, romanized: ozero Vostok) is the largest of Antarctica's 675 known [3] subglacial lakes.Lake Vostok is located at the southern Pole of Cold, beneath Russia's Vostok Station under the surface of the central East Antarctic Ice Sheet, which is at 3,488 m (11,444 ft) above mean sea level.
On Dec. 21, 2024, the Antarctic sea ice extent was higher than on Dec. 21, 2016, but the Arctic sea ice extent was lower on that date in 2024 compared to 2016, according to government data.