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Earned media (or free media) is content relating to a person or organization, which is published by a third party without any form of payment to the publisher. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] It includes articles by media outlets , interviews with the person or representatives of the organization, or bylined editorials in trade press and other publications.
The PESO Model is a strategic framework used in marketing and public relations to categorize media into four types: paid, earned, shared, and owned. The model describes the use of different media channels in organizations' marketing approach, and has been widely adopted in the marketing communications industry.
In 2020, Journal of Business Research collaborators estimated her as "probably the most successful female music artist ever" in several terms. [114] In 2015, gender scholar Laura Viñuela in a Madonna class at University of Oviedo felt she was "the only woman who has such a long and massively successful career" in music world up that point. [ 115 ]
Theories of media exposure study the amount and type of Media content an individual is exposed to, directly or indirectly. The scope includes television shows, movies, social media, news articles, advertisements, etc. [ 1 ] Media exposure affects both individuals and society as a whole.
A 2017 study by the Pew Research Center looked at media coverage during the first 60 days of Donald Trump's presidency and found that 62% of the media coverage was negative, compared to just 20% for Barack Obama over the same period, which the editorial board of Investor's Business Daily considered to be evidence of bias.
Media economics embodies economic theoretical and practical economic questions specific to media of all types. Of particular concern to media economics are the economic policies and practices of media companies and disciplines including journalism and the news industry, film production, entertainment programs, print, broadcast, mobile communications, Internet, advertising and public relations.
Propaganda is a form of persuasion that is often used in media to further some sort of agenda, such as a personal, political, or business agenda, by evoking an emotional or obligable response from the audience. [1] It includes the deliberate sharing of realities, views, and philosophies intended to alter behavior and stimulate people to act. [2]
Media bias occurs when journalists and news producers show bias in how they report and cover news. The term "media bias" implies a pervasive or widespread bias contravening of the standards of journalism, rather than the perspective of an individual journalist or article. [1] The direction and degree of media bias in various countries is widely ...