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As a result, the bandwidth is adapted to the density of the data: smaller values of are used in denser parts of the data space. The entropy increases with the perplexity of this distribution P i {\displaystyle P_{i}} ; this relation is seen as
A rug plot of 100 data points appears in blue along the x-axis. (The points are sampled from the normal distribution shown in gray. The other curves show various kernel density estimates of the data.) A rug plot is a plot of data for a single quantitative variable, displayed as marks along an axis. It is used to visualise the distribution of ...
For example, if there are 20 people participating, each person could potentially connect to 19 other people. A density of 100% (19/19) is the greatest density in the system. A density of 5% indicates there is only 1 of 19 possible connections. [78] Centrality focuses on the behavior of individual participants within a network. It measures the ...
The first scatter plot (top left) appears to be a simple linear relationship, corresponding to two correlated variables, where y could be modelled as gaussian with mean linearly dependent on x. For the second graph (top right), while a relationship between the two variables is obvious, it is not linear, and the Pearson correlation coefficient ...
A scatter plot, also called a scatterplot, scatter graph, scatter chart, scattergram, or scatter diagram, [2] is a type of plot or mathematical diagram using Cartesian coordinates to display values for typically two variables for a set of data. If the points are coded (color/shape/size), one additional variable can be displayed.
A sina plot is a type of diagram in which numerical data are depicted by points distributed in such a way that the width of the point distribution is proportional to the kernel density. [1] [2] Sina plots are similar to violin plots, but while violin plots depict kernel density, sina plots depict the points themselves. In some situations, sina ...
The image above illustrates this concept. In its upper left area, a synthetic example data set is shown. The upper right part visualizes the spanning tree produced by OPTICS, and the lower part shows the reachability plot as computed by OPTICS. Colors in this plot are labels, and not computed by the algorithm; but it is well visible how the ...
Violin plots are similar to box plots, except that they also show the probability density of the data at different values, usually smoothed by a kernel density estimator.A violin plot will include all the data that is in a box plot: a marker for the median of the data; a box or marker indicating the interquartile range; and possibly all sample points, if the number of samples is not too high.