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Eosinophilia is a condition in which the eosinophil count in the peripheral blood exceeds 5 × 10 8 /L (500/μL). [1] Hypereosinophilia is an elevation in an individual's circulating blood eosinophil count above 1.5 × 10 9 /L (i.e. 1,500/μL).
Parasites cause eosinophilic pneumonia in three different ways. Parasites can either invade the lungs, live in the lungs as part of their life cycle, or be spread to the lungs by the bloodstream. Eosinophils then migrate to the lungs in order to fight the parasites, and cause eosinophilic pneumonia when they release their contents.
Eosinophils are white blood cells that fight infection by destroying foreign substances in the body. This increase is determined through a blood test called a complete blood count, or CBC. A result of over 500 cells/mcL (cells per microliter of blood) is considered elevated. [4] The normal range for eosinophils is less than 350 cells/mcL. [5]
Eosinopenia, decrease in eosinophil blood count; Eosinophilia, increase (>500 cells per microliter) in eosinophil blood count; Hypereosinophilia, extreme increase (>1,500 cells per microliter) in eosinophil blood count; Clonal hypereosinophilia, presence of a premalignant or malignant clone of eosinophils in bone marrow and blood
Common laboratory findings for parasitic pneumonia includes peripheral eosinophilia, or elevated eosinophil levels on a [[complete blood count. [6] Although this may be present in any parasitic infection, this is a defining feature of Loeffler's syndrome. [7] Parasites may be detected by specific tests depending on which organ system they affect.
Hypereosinophilic syndrome is a disease characterized by a persistently elevated eosinophil count (≥ 1500 eosinophils/mm³) in the blood for at least six months without any recognizable cause, with involvement of either the heart, nervous system, or bone marrow.
Eosinophilic pneumonia is diagnosed by characteristic imaging and the presence of eosinophils on alveolar lavage, or washing of the lower respiratory system. Eosinophilia, or elevated eosinophils in the blood may be significantly elevated or absent. [3] Lung biopsy is usually not necessary for diagnosis. [3]
According to Hopkin, the author of a 2009 Parasite Immunology article on asthma and parasitic worms, other immunoregulatory mechanisms are also activated, including Mast cells, eosinophils, and cytokines that invoke a strong immunoglobulin E (IgE) response. [12]
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