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Erythroxylum is a genus of tropical flowering plants in the family Erythroxylaceae.Many of the approximately 200 species contain the tropane alkaloid cocaine, [1] [2] and two of the species within this genus, Erythroxylum coca and Erythroxylum novogranatense, both native to South America, are the main commercial source of cocaine and of the mild stimulant coca tea. [3]
By the 17th century, when those buried in the crypt would have lived, Milan (then a possession of Spain) was a major importer of exotic plants, especially from the Americas, so cocaine could’ve ...
Environmental effects on the cocaine concentration in the leaves were smaller, so that total cocaine production per plant was largely a function of leaf mass, with environmental conditions that stimulated leaf growth giving higher cocaine yields. Both species grow on soils with low pH, and a greenhouse study has shown that the optimum pH for ...
Coca is any of the four cultivated plants in the family Erythroxylaceae, native to western South America.Coca is known worldwide for its psychoactive alkaloid, cocaine. ...
The plant is known by a variety of names including Brigalow erythroxylon shrub and dogwood (unrelated to Cornus). The plant grows in a wide variety of habitats in subcoastal and coastal regions, ranging from dry rainforest and vine thickets to open savanna woodland. The leaves contain 0.8% meteloidine, an alkaloid similar to cocaine.
A Coca plant. With only 14 percent of the global coca-leaf market in 1991, by 2004 Colombia was responsible for 80 percent of the world's cocaine production. [3] One estimate has Colombia's coca cultivation hectarage growing from 13,000 hectares (32,000 acres) in the mid-1980s, to 80,000 hectares (200,000 acres) in 1998, to 99,000 in 2007. [3]
Within Bolivia, the world’s third-biggest producer of the coca leaf, and of cocaine, the ancient leaf has inspired spiritual rituals among Indigenous communities for generations — and more ...
The country was the second largest grower of coca in the world, supplying approximately 15 percent of the United States cocaine market in the late 1980s. Analysts believed that exports of coca paste or cocaine generated from US$600 million to US$1 billion annually in the 1980s, depending on prices and output. [6]