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The crown of the bell is attached to a yoke made of oak wood and measuring 308 cm in length and 219 cm in height. Within the bell, suspended on a leather belt of up to 12 layers, attached to an iron supporting structure, is a Gothic clapper, weighing – together with the belt – 365 kg.
The recognized best composition for bell metal though is a ratio of approximately 80 per cent copper and 20 per cent tin. [13] Bell metal of these ratios has been used for more than 3,000 years and is known for its resonance and "attractive sound". [14] Tin and copper are relatively soft metals that will deform on striking.
Bell shrines are metal objects built to hold early medieval hand-bells, particularly those associated with early Irish saints. Although the enshrinement of bells lasted from the 9th to the 16th centuries, the more well-known examples date from the 11th century. [ 1 ]
The bell itself weighs 66,000 pounds (30,000 kg); with clapper and supports. The total weight which swings when the bell is rung is 89,390 pounds (40,550 kg). The largest Bell of the People's Salvation Cathedral is the largest free-swinging church bell in the world, surpassing the Petersglocke of Cologne Cathedral.
The Bell Shrine of St. Mura is an 11th-century Irish shrine traditionally associated with the Abbey of Fahan, County Donegal, Ireland, founded by Saint Mura (c. 550–645). It consists of a handbell enshrined in a copper container (or shrine), later embellished with silver, gild-silver and rock crystal additions in four phases ending in the 16th century. [2]
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Cannon made of bell metal at Malik-e-Maidan, Bijapur, India. Bell metal or bell bronze is an alloy used for making bells and related instruments, such as cymbals.It is a form of bronze with a higher tin content than most other bronzes, usually in approximately a 4:1 ratio of copper to tin (typically, 78% copper, 22% tin by mass).
The first medieval designs came in two separate halves into which a metal pea was introduced and the two halves were then soldered or crimped together. Somewhere around 1400 they were cast in a single piece with a ball of metal inside. [1] Crotal bells, also known as rumble bells, were used on horse-drawn vehicles before motor vehicles were common.