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A hiatal hernia or hiatus hernia [2] is a type of hernia in which abdominal organs (typically the stomach) slip through the diaphragm into the middle compartment of the chest. [1] [3] This may result in gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) or laryngopharyngeal reflux (LPR) with symptoms such as a taste of acid in the back of the mouth or heartburn.
A Nissen fundoplication, or laparoscopic Nissen fundoplication when performed via laparoscopic surgery, is a surgical procedure to treat gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) and hiatal hernia. In GERD, it is usually performed when medical therapy has failed; but, with a Type II (paraesophageal) hiatus hernia, it is the first-line procedure ...
A Hill repair is an anti-acid reflux procedure. [1] It is similar to the Nissen fundoplication . Though far less common owing to a greater degree of difficulty, studies indicate a similar rate of efficacy.
A type II, rolling hiatal hernia, is when the gastric fundus is herniated, but the cardia portion of the stomach remains still. A type 1, or sliding hiatal hernia, is when the gastroesophageal junction and the cardia portion of the stomach move through the posterior mediastinum. [5]
[2] [9] In February 2015, the American Medical Association's CPT Editorial Panel reviewed whether to create a new category 1 current procedural terminology (CPT) code for the TIF procedure. In January 2016, a unique code for the transoral incisionless fundoplication procedure was created and implemented. [10]
The esophageal hiatus is located at level of the tenth thoracic vertebra (T10), 2.5 cm to the left of the midline, [2] and (sources differ) posterior to the 7th left costal cartilage [2] /at the level of the 8th or 9th intercostal spaces. [3] It is placed superior, anterior, and slightly left of the aortic hiatus. [citation needed]
[4] For reflux esophagitis, a fundooplication can be done to help strengthen the lower esophageal sphincter from allowing backflow of the stomach into the esophagus. For esophageal stricture, a gastroenterologist can perform a dilation of the esophagus. As of 2020 evidence for magnetic sphincter augmentation is poor. [11]
520.2 Abnormalities of size and form of teeth; 520.3 Mottled teeth; 520.4 Disturbances of tooth formation; 520.5 Hereditary disturbances in tooth structure not elsewhere classified; 520.6 Disturbances in tooth eruption; 520.7 Teething syndrome; 521 Diseases of hard tissues of teeth. 521.0 Dental caries; 521.1 Excessive attrition; 521.2 Abrasion ...
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