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Also deserving mention is a single scale invented in the 1940s by Karen Horney (1885–1952). This one dimension measured "movement" towards, against and away from people. This would result in the coping strategies, in which these three "neurotic" patterns would be paired with a fourth, "healthy" one called "movement with people". These would ...
[57] [58] Conversely, while introversion is perceived as less socially desirable, it is strongly associated with positive traits such as intelligence [59] and "giftedness." [60] [61] Though more recent, large-scale meta-analyses have found that the activity facet of extraversion has the most sizable positive relations with cognitive abilities. [62]
Extravert (Jung's spelling, although some dictionaries prefer the variant extrovert) Introvert; Extraversion means "outward-turning" and introversion means "inward-turning". [20] These specific definitions vary somewhat from the popular usage of the words. The preferences for extraversion and introversion are often called attitudes.
Introverts recharge their batteries by spending time alone, while extroverts recharge by spending time with others. Astley recommends asking yourself the following questions if you need more help ...
For example, according to type theories, there are two types of people, introverts and extroverts. According to trait theories, introversion and extroversion are part of a continuous dimension with many people in the middle.
Introversion: "a turning inwards of the libido, whereby a negative relation of subject to object is expressed. Interest does not move towards the object, but recedes towards the subject." [1] Consciously, in an introvert, the four basic cognitive functions follow the introverted 'general attitude of consciousness'. "Everyone whose attitude is ...
Conversely, those who prefer introversion "expend" energy through action: they prefer to reflect, then act, then reflect again. To rebuild their energy, introverts need quiet time alone, away from activity. [56] An extravert's flow is directed outward toward people and objects, whereas the introvert's is directed inward toward concepts and ideas.
For example, in two of the scales analysed, conscientiousness loaded more strongly with extraversion and openness to experience on one factor, than with neuroticism and agreeableness on the other factor. On an adjective rating scale, openness to experience loaded nearly equally on both factors.