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A supercritical aerofoil (supercritical airfoil in American English) is an airfoil designed primarily to delay the onset of wave drag in the transonic speed range. Supercritical airfoils are characterized by their flattened upper surface, highly cambered ("downward-curved") aft section, and larger leading-edge radius compared with NACA 6-series ...
After World War II, NACA research began to focus on near-sonic and low-supersonic airflow.After considering the sudden drag increase which a wing-fuselage combination experiences at somewhere around 500 mph (800 km/h), Whitcomb concluded that "the disturbances and shock waves are simply a function of the longitudinal variation of the cross-sectional area" – that is, the effect of the wings ...
Anti-shock body is the name given by Richard T. Whitcomb to a pod positioned on the upper surface of a wing. [1] Its purpose is to reduce wave drag while travelling at transonic speeds (Mach 0.8–1.0), which includes the typical cruising range of conventional jet airliners.
Conical shockwave with its hyperbola-shaped ground contact zone in yellow The abruptness of change in the features of the medium, that characterize shock waves, can be viewed as a phase transition : the pressure–time diagram of a supersonic object propagating shows how the transition induced by a shock wave is analogous to a dynamic phase ...
Earth's critical zone. Illustration by Critical Zone Observatories (CZO) based on a figure in Chorover et al. 2007.. Earth's critical zone is the “heterogeneous, near surface environment in which complex interactions involving rock, soil, water, air, and living organisms regulate the natural habitat and determine the availability of life-sustaining resources” (National Research Council ...
The Convair 990 had bumps called antishock bodies added to the top surface of the wing with the intent of achieving the required cruise speed. However, the area distribution in the channels formed by the nacelle/pylon/wing surfaces also caused supersonic velocities and was the source of significant drag.
Donner, of course, would later go on to direct blockbusters like Superman: The Movie and The Omen, but Shatner says that the young director didn't exactly have the time on the "Nightmare" set to ...
Funded by the National Science Foundation, [2] CZO has been working since its 2007 inception to critically engage the scientific community and increase understanding of the importance of Critical Zone science. [3] [4] Earth's Critical Zone. Illustration by Critical Zone Observatories (CZO) based on a figure in Chorover et al. 2007.