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Since the 1990s early-onset sepsis has declined because of screening of group B streptococcus. The cause of early-onset neonatal sepsis are pathogens that contaminate the placenta, vaginal canal, cervix, or amniotic fluid, and these pathogens can affect the baby either in the womb or during labor. [23]
GBS is an encapsulated gram-positive cocci that colonizes the gastrointestinal and genital tracts of pregnant women. Maternal infections are usually asymptomatic. This pathogen is vertically transmitted (transmitted directly from the mother's vagina into the infant's amniotic fluid after onset of labor). Due to the high prevalence of GBS ...
Several conditions and risk factors can lead to fetal distress or non-reassuring fetal status, [1] including: Low amniotic fluid (oligohydramnios) If there is too little amniotic fluid around the baby in the uterus, the baby can have trouble moving around in the uterus and its growth and temperature can be impacted.
Hydrops fetalis or hydrops foetalis is a condition in the fetus characterized by an accumulation of fluid, or edema, in at least two fetal compartments. [1] [2] By comparison, hydrops allantois or hydrops amnion is an accumulation of excessive fluid in the allantoic or amniotic space, respectively. [3]
Medical staff may aspirate the meconium from the nose and mouth of a newborn immediately after delivery in the event the baby shows signs of respiratory distress to decrease the risk of meconium aspiration syndrome, which can occur in meconium-stained amniotic fluid. Most of the time that the amniotic fluid is stained with meconium, it will be ...
Post-maturity syndrome is the condition of a baby born after a post-term pregnancy, first described by Stewart H. Clifford in 1954. [1] Post-maturity refers to any baby born after 42 weeks gestation, or 294 days past the first day of the mother's last menstrual period. Less than 6 percent of all babies are born after this time. [2]
Meconium aspiration syndrome (MAS), also known as neonatal aspiration of meconium, is a medical condition affecting newborn infants. It describes the spectrum of disorders and pathophysiology of newborns born in meconium-stained amniotic fluid (MSAF) and have meconium within their lungs. Therefore, MAS has a wide range of severity depending on ...
Mothers who are negative for the Kell 1 antigen develop antibodies after being exposed to red blood cells that are positive for Kell 1.Over half of the cases of hemolytic disease of the newborn owing the anti-Kell antibodies are caused by multiple blood transfusions, with the remainder due to a previous pregnancy with a Kell 1 positive baby.