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The Carolingian Empire was the largest western territory since the fall of Rome, but historians have come to suspect the depth of the emperor's influence and control. Legally, the Carolingian emperor exercised the bannum , the right to rule and command, over all of his territories.
The continued dishevel of Carolingian rule following the Pactum Lotharii demonstrates that the Carolingian Empire was still weakening despite the provisions of the treaty. Charles West describes the collapse in his book, The fall of a Carolingian kingdom: Lotharingia, 855-869.
The Carolingian dynasty (/ ˌ k ær ə ˈ l ɪ n dʒ i ə n / KARR-ə-LIN-jee-ən; [1] known variously as the Carlovingians, Carolingus, Carolings, Karolinger or Karlings) was a Frankish noble family named after Charles Martel and his grandson Charlemagne, descendants of the Arnulfing and Pippinid clans of the 7th century AD. [2]
Partition of the Carolingian Empire after the 843 Treaty of Verdun. The stability and peace of Charlemagne's reign did not long outlive him. Louis' reign was marked by strife, including a number of rebellions by his sons. After Louis' death, the empire was divided among his sons into West, East, and Middle Francia by the Treaty of Verdun. [270]
The Treaty of Verdun (French: Traité de Verdun; German: Vertrag von Verdun), agreed to on 10 August 843, ended the Carolingian civil war and divided the Carolingian Empire between Lothair I, Louis II and Charles II, the surviving sons of the emperor Louis I. The treaty was the culmination of negotiations lasting more than a year.
The identification as an "emperor governing the Roman Empire" rather than a "Roman emperor" could be seen as an attempt at avoiding the dispute and issue over who was the true emperor and attempting to keep the perceived unity of the empire intact. [12] The Carolingian Empire (green) and the Byzantine Empire (purple) in 814 AD.
The Carolingian civil war was a violent crisis over the succession to the Carolingian Empire following the death of Emperor Louis the Pious in June 840 and lasting until the Treaty of Verdun in August 843.
The Peace of God was first proclaimed in 989 at the Council of Charroux.It sought to protect ecclesiastical property, agricultural resources, and unarmed clerics. [6] After the collapse of the Carolingian Empire in the ninth century, the areas formerly under its control degenerated into many small counties and lordships, in which local lords and knights frequently fought each other for control.