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A gemstone (also called a fine gem, jewel, precious stone, semiprecious stone, or simply gem) is a piece of mineral crystal which, when cut or polished, is used to make jewelry or other adornments.
This is a list of gemstones, organized by species and types. Minerals. There are over 300 types of minerals that have been used as gemstones. Such as: A–B
Minerals are distinguished by various chemical and physical properties. Differences in chemical composition and crystal structure distinguish the various species. Within a mineral species there may be variation in physical properties or minor amounts of impurities that are recognized by mineralogists or wider society as a mineral variety.
Peridot (/ ˈ p ɛ r ɪ ˌ d ɒ t,-ˌ d oʊ / PERR-ih-dot, -doh), sometimes called chrysolite, is a yellow-green transparent variety of olivine.Peridot is one of the few gemstones that occur in only one color.
Gemstones are basically categorized based on their crystal structure, specific gravity, refractive index, and other optical properties, such as pleochroism. The physical property of "hardness" is defined by the irregular Mohs scale of mineral hardness. Gemologists study these factors while valuing or appraising cut and polished gemstones.
Type IIb diamonds, which account for ~0.1% of gem diamonds, are usually a steely blue or gray due to boron atoms scattered within the crystal matrix. These diamonds are also semiconductors, unlike other diamond types (see Electrical properties). Most blue-gray diamonds coming from the Argyle mine of Australia are not of type IIb, but of Ia type.
Main jade producing countries. Jade is an umbrella term for two different types of decorative rocks used for jewelry or ornaments.Jade is often referred to by either of two different silicate mineral names: nephrite (a silicate of calcium and magnesium in the amphibole group of minerals), or jadeite (a silicate of sodium and aluminum in the pyroxene group of minerals). [1]
It is the birth stone of March. [5] Aquamarine is a fairly common gemstone, [6] rendering it more accessible for purchase, compared to other gems in the beryl family. [7] Overall, its value is determined by weight, color, [5] cut, and clarity. [8] It is transparent to translucent and possesses a hexagonal crystal system. [9]
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