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Calcitriol is a hormone and the active form of vitamin D, normally made in the kidney. [ 8 ] [ 9 ] [ 10 ] It is also known as 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol . It binds to and activates the vitamin D receptor in the nucleus of the cell, which then increases the expression of many genes. [ 11 ]
Following the final converting step in the kidney, calcitriol is released into the circulation. By binding to vitamin D-binding protein, calcitriol is transported throughout the body. [13] In addition to the kidneys, calcitriol is also synthesized by certain other cells, including monocyte-macrophages in the immune system.
The vitamin D receptor (VDR also known as the calcitriol receptor) is a member of the nuclear receptor family of transcription factors. [5] Calcitriol (the active form of vitamin D , 1,25-(OH) 2 vitamin D 3 ) binds to VDR, which then forms a heterodimer with the retinoid-X receptor .
The natural, active form of vitamin D is calcitriol (1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol). This molecule and other naturally occurring forms of vitamin D, including its precursors and metabolites, have been modified to synthesize pharmaceuticals with potentially greater, or selective, therapeutic actions.
Calcipotriol, also known as calcipotriene, is a synthetic derivative of calcitriol, a form of vitamin D. It is used in the treatment of psoriasis. [1] It is safe for long-term application in psoriatic skin conditions. [medical citation needed] It was patented in 1985 and approved for medical use in 1991. [2]
Calcifediol is the precursor for calcitriol, the active form of vitamin D. [3] [4] It is synthesized in the liver, by hydroxylation of cholecalciferol (vitamin D 3) at the 25-position. [3] This enzymatic 25-hydroxylase reaction is mostly due to the actions of CYP2R1 , present in microsomes , although other enzymes such as mitochondrial CYP27A1 ...
Calcitriol: secosteroid (1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D 3) skin/proximal tubule of kidneys: VDR: Active form of vitamin D 3. Increase absorption of calcium and phosphate from gastrointestinal tract and kidneys inhibit release of PTH. Calcidiol: secosteroid (25-hydroxyvitamin D 3) skin/proximal tubule of kidneys: VDR: Inactive form of vitamin D 3
Calcitroic acid (1α-hydroxy-23-carboxy-24,25,26,27-tetranorvitamin D 3) is a major metabolite of 1α,25-dihydroxyvitamin D 3 (calcitriol). [1] Around 1980, scientists first reported the isolation of calcitroic acid from the aqueous extract of radioactively treated animals' livers and intestines.
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