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Hyperuricosuria is a medical term referring to the presence of excessive amounts of uric acid in the urine. For men this is at a rate greater than 800 mg/day, and for women, 750 mg/day. [1] Notable direct causes of hyperuricosuria are dissolution of uric acid crystals in the kidneys or urinary bladder, and hyperuricemia.
Unless high blood levels of uric acid are determined in a clinical laboratory, hyperuricemia may not cause noticeable symptoms in most people. [5] Development of gout – which is a painful, short-term disorder – is the most common consequence of hyperuricemia, which causes deposition of uric acid crystals usually in joints of the extremities, but may also induce formation of kidney stones ...
The diagnosis of sinusitis is based on the symptoms and their duration along with signs of disease identified by endoscopic and/or radiologic criteria. [11] Sinusitis is classified into acute sinusitis and chronic sinusitis. In acute sinusitis, symptoms last for less than 4 weeks. In chronic sinusitis symptoms must be present for at least 12 ...
Underexcretion of uric acid by the kidney is the primary cause of hyperuricemia in about 90% of cases, while overproduction is the cause in less than 10%. [5] About 10% of people with hyperuricemia develop gout at some point in their lifetimes. [ 19 ]
PND is one of the most common etiologies for chronic cough, defined as a cough persisting beyond 8 weeks. [3] Post-nasal drip can be a cause of laryngeal inflammation and hyperresponsiveness, leading to symptoms of vocal cord dysfunction. [4] [5] [6]
Sinusitis or sinus infection [7] Narrow or collapsing nasal valve [8] Pregnancy may cause women to suffer from nasal congestion due to the increased amount of blood flowing through the body. [7] Nasal polyps [7] Gastroesophageal reflux disease (theorized to cause chronic rhinosinusitis- the "airway reflux paradigm") [9]
Allopurinol is used to reduce urate formation in conditions where urate deposition has already occurred or is predictable. The specific diseases and conditions where it is used include gouty arthritis, skin tophi, kidney stones, idiopathic gout; uric acid lithiasis; acute uric acid nephropathy; neoplastic disease and myeloproliferative disease with high cell turnover rates, in which high urate ...
Uric acid displays lactam–lactim tautomerism. [4] Uric acid crystallizes in the lactam form, [5] with computational chemistry also indicating that tautomer to be the most stable. [6] Uric acid is a diprotic acid with pK a1 = 5.4 and pK a2 = 10.3. [7] At physiological pH, urate predominates in solution. [medical citation needed]