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White glacé icing on a lemon bundt cake Chocolate icing in a bowl before being put on a cake. Icing, or frosting, [1] is a sweet, often creamy glaze made of sugar with a liquid, such as water or milk, that is often enriched with ingredients like butter, egg whites, cream cheese, or flavorings. It is used to coat or decorate baked goods, such ...
Royal icing is a hard white icing, made from softly beaten egg whites, icing sugar (powdered sugar), and sometimes lemon or lime juice. It is used to decorate Christmas cakes, wedding cakes, gingerbread houses, cookies, and many other cakes and biscuits. It is used either as a smooth covering or in sharp peaks.
French meringue, or basic meringue, is the method best known to home cooks. Fine white sugar (caster sugar) is beaten into egg whites. Italian meringue was invented by the French chef Lancelot de Casteau in 1604. It is made with boiling sugar syrup, instead of caster sugar. This creates a much more stable soft meringue which can be used in ...
Pure dried whole eggs from the U.S., 1940s. A powdered egg is a fully dehydrated egg. Most powdered eggs are made using spray drying in the same way that powdered milk is made. First the eggs are cracked and separated from the shell. The egg yolk and white are then beaten together before being atomized into fine droplets using a spray nozzle.
When sugar and egg whites are whipped together, a meringue is formed. If the amount of sugar is less than or equal to the amount of egg whites, a soft meringue is formed. A stiffer meringue is formed when there is more sugar than egg white. [8] Angel food cakes usually have equal parts sugar and egg white. [7]
In the standard system the conversion is that 1 gallon = 231 cubic inches and 1 inch = 2.54 cm, which makes a gallon = 3785.411784 millilitres exactly. For nutritional labeling on food packages in the US, the teaspoon is defined as exactly 5 ml, [22] giving 1 gallon = 3840 ml exactly. This chart uses the former.
A vegan variation involves the use of aquafaba in place of egg white. All other ingredients are essentially the same. Either Italian or French meringue can be combined with ground almonds. [24] The two elements are then folded together until they are the consistency of "shaving foam", and then are piped, left to form a skin, and baked. [25]
The baker has determined how much a recipe's ingredients weigh, and uses uniform decimal weight units. All ingredient weights are divided by the flour weight to obtain a ratio, then the ratio is multiplied by 100% to yield the baker's percentage for that ingredient: