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These drugs block one or more of the nerve signals that cause nausea and vomiting. During the first 24 hours after chemotherapy, the most effective approach appears to be blocking the 5-HT 3 nerve signal. [10] Approved 5-HT 3 inhibitors include dolasetron (Anzemet), granisetron (Kytril, Sancuso), and ondansetron (Zofran). Their antiemetic ...
Aprepitant, sold under the brand name Emend among others, is a medication used to prevent chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting and to prevent postoperative nausea and vomiting. [5] It may be used together with ondansetron and dexamethasone. [5] It is taken by mouth [5] or administered by intravenous injection. [3]
Cancer and nausea are associated in about fifty percent of people affected by cancer. [1] This may be as a result of the cancer itself, or as an effect of the treatment such as chemotherapy, radiation therapy, or other medication such as opiates used for pain relief. About 70–80% of people undergoing chemotherapy experience nausea or vomiting.
The discovery of neurokinin 1 (NK 1) receptor antagonists was a turning point in the prevention of nausea and vomiting associated with cancer chemotherapy. [4] An example of a drug in this class is aprepitant. Chemotherapy-induced emesis appears to consist of acute and delayed phases.
Palonosetron, sold under the brand name Aloxi, is a medication used for the prevention and treatment of chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting (CINV). [2] [4] [5] It is a 5-HT 3 antagonist. [2] [4] [5] Palonosetron is administered intravenously, [6] or as a single oral capsule. [7] It has a longer duration of action than other 5-HT 3 antagonists.
Chemotherapy is a major cause of emesis, and often can cause severe and frequent emetic responses. This is because chemotherapy agents circulating in the blood activate the CTZ in such a way as to cause emesis. [13] Patients receiving chemotherapy are often prescribed antiemetic medications.
Image credits: midnightsunofab**ch #3. Doctors kept trying to switch pain meds for my wife she was on daily doses of morphine and it was building up in her system too much.
The timing of nausea and vomiting after eating food is an important factor to pay attention to. Symptoms that occur within an hour of eating may indicate an obstruction proximal to the small intestine, such as gastroparesis or pyloric stenosis. An obstruction further down in the intestine or colon will cause delayed vomiting.