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There are several subtypes of CINV. The classifications of nausea and vomiting are: [2] Acute: occurring within 24 hours of chemotherapy; Delayed: occurring between 24 hours and 5 days after treatment; Breakthrough: occurring despite prophylactic treatment; Anticipatory: triggered by taste, odor, memories, visions, or anxiety related to ...
Cancer and nausea are associated in about fifty percent of people affected by cancer. [1] This may be as a result of the cancer itself, or as an effect of the treatment such as chemotherapy, radiation therapy, or other medication such as opiates used for pain relief. About 70–80% of people undergoing chemotherapy experience nausea or vomiting.
Aprepitant, sold under the brand name Emend among others, is a medication used to prevent chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting and to prevent postoperative nausea and vomiting. [5] It may be used together with ondansetron and dexamethasone. [5] It is taken by mouth [5] or administered by intravenous injection. [3]
The discovery of neurokinin 1 (NK 1) receptor antagonists was a turning point in the prevention of nausea and vomiting associated with cancer chemotherapy. [4] An example of a drug in this class is aprepitant. Chemotherapy-induced emesis appears to consist of acute and delayed phases.
Chemotherapy is a major cause of emesis, and often can cause severe and frequent emetic responses. This is because chemotherapy agents circulating in the blood activate the CTZ in such a way as to cause emesis. [13] Patients receiving chemotherapy are often prescribed antiemetic medications.
Palonosetron, sold under the brand name Aloxi, is a medication used for the prevention and treatment of chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting (CINV). [2] [4] [5] It is a 5-HT 3 antagonist. [2] [4] [5] Palonosetron is administered intravenously, [6] or as a single oral capsule. [7] It has a longer duration of action than other 5-HT 3 antagonists.
Image credits: therevspecial #5. 2008 went into hospital for ruptured intestine due to crohns. Airlifted to Mayo clinic high on fentanyl for the pain. Spent a month in hospital, came out with no ...
The increased occurrence of gallstones during pregnancy is due to inhibition of gallbladder contraction (as result of increased smooth muscle relaxation mediated by progesterone) and reduced biliary transportation of bile (mediated by estrogen) which results in cholestasis of pregnancy. [36] Nausea and vomiting of pregnancy, commonly known as ...