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The antiemetic action of metoclopramide is due to its antagonist activity at D 2 receptors in the chemoreceptor trigger zone in the brain — this action prevents nausea and vomiting triggered by most stimuli. [34] At higher doses, 5-HT 3 antagonist activity may also contribute to the antiemetic effect. [35] [failed verification]
Following intramuscular injection, the antiemetic action is evident within 5 to 10 minutes and lasts for three to four hours. Rapid action is also noted after buccal treatment. With oral dosing, the start of action is delayed but the duration is somewhat longer (approximately six hours).
Certain prokinetic drugs such as cisapride, renzapride and metoclopramide, although not 5-HT 3 antagonists proper, possess some weak antagonist effect at the 5-HT 3 receptor. Galanolactone, a diterpenoid found in ginger, is a 5-HT 3 antagonist and is believed to at least partially mediate the anti-emetic activity of this plant.
Trimethobenzamide is marketed under the brand names Tebamide and Tigan, manufactured by GlaxoSmithKline and King Pharmaceuticals, respectively.It is available as oral capsules and injectable formulations.
Second-choice medications, which are used if Promethazine isn't tolerated or the patient cannot take it, are metoclopramide or prochlorperazine. [15] [13] For allergies such as hay fever and together with other medications in anaphylaxis [4] To aid with symptoms of the common cold [4] Motion sickness, [4] including space sickness [16]
The combination of metoclopramide to the paracetamol has been shown to enhance the analgesia relief when used to treat the pain of arthritis. [ 4 ] Whilst the individual component drugs may be prescribed individually, as a combination, it is only available as the branded Paramax preparation in the UK. [ 5 ]
Metopimazine is an approved prescription drug in France under the brand name Vogalene® [8] that has been used for the treatment of nausea and vomiting. [9] Vogalene® is available under different forms, including 15 mg capsules, 7.5 mg orally disintegrating tablets, 5 mg suppository, 0.1% oral liquid, and a 10 mg/mL intravenous (IV) solution approved for the prevention of chemotherapy-induced ...
When compared to other antiemetics, maropitant has similar or greater effectiveness to chlorpromazine and metoclopramide for centrally mediated vomiting induced by apomorphine or xylazine. [11] It works better than chlorpromazine and metoclopramide for vomiting peripherally induced induced with syrup of ipecac. [17]