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Streptococcus zooepidemicus is a Lancefield group C streptococcus that was first isolated in 1934 by P. R. Edwards, and named Animal pyogens A. [1] It is a mucosal commensal and opportunistic pathogen that infects several animals and humans, but most commonly isolated from the uterus of mares.
Streptococcus equi subsp. zooepidemicus, prevalent in horses, is also present in guinea pigs, pigs, monkeys, and various other animals, including dogs, cats, ferrets, and birds. [15] Additionally, Streptococcus suis mainly affects suids but can be found in other animals like cattle, sheep, goats, and chickens, with different genotypes found in ...
This group includes S. equi, which causes strangles in horses, [19] and S. zooepidemicus — S. equi is a clonal descendant or biovar of the ancestral S. zooepidemicus — which causes infections in several species of mammals, including cattle and horses.
Horses that develop purpura haemorrhagica usually have a recent history of strangles (infection with Streptococcus equi subsp. equi) or vaccination (intramuscular or intranasal) for strangles. It is thought to be caused by an auto-immune reaction where antibodies against the S. equi M- or R-protein cross-react with proteins on endothelial cells .
Toxic shock syndrome (TSS) is a condition caused by bacterial toxins. [1] Symptoms may include fever, rash, skin peeling, and low blood pressure. [1] There may also be symptoms related to the specific underlying infection such as mastitis, osteomyelitis, necrotising fasciitis, or pneumonia.
Streptococcus equinus is a Gram-positive, nonhemolytic, nonpathogenic, lactic acid bacterium of the genus Streptococcus. [5] It is the principal Streptococcus found in the alimentary canal of a horse, [6] and makes up the majority of the bacterial flora in horse feces. [7] Equivalence with Streptococcus bovis has been contested. [4]
Streptococcus dysgalactiae is a gram positive, beta-haemolytic, coccal bacterium belonging to the family Streptococcaceae.It is capable of infecting both humans and animals, but is most frequently encountered as a commensal of the alimentary tract, genital tract, or less commonly, as a part of the skin flora.
Post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis (PSGN) is an uncommon complication of either a strep throat or a streptococcal skin infection. It is classified as a type III hypersensitivity reaction. Symptoms of PSGN develop within 10 days following a strep throat or 3 weeks following a GAS skin infection. PSGN involves inflammation of the kidney.