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An appropriate differential diagnosis depends upon location of the ectopic thymus. For cervical ectopic thymus, the differential diagnosis should include additional causes of neck masses. This includes common causes of neck masses in children, including: thyroglossal duct cyst. [6] [10] branchial cleft cyst. [10] dermoid cyst. [10]
A neck mass or neck lump is an ambiguous mass found in the neck area. There are many different possible causes, [ 1 ] including head and neck cancer [ 2 ] and congenital conditions like branchial anomalies and thyroglossal duct cysts .
Cervical thymic cyst is a very rare pathology that is often incidentally found due to its asymptomatic nature. The patient usually notices a neck mass that grows slowly which triggers them to see a clinician and be admitted to the hospital. [3] However, it can cause symptoms as it grows in size and compresses on other organs.
Differential diagnosis are ectopic thyroid, enlarged lymph nodes, dermoid cysts and goiter. [ citation needed ] Thyroglossal cyst usually presents as a midline neck lump (in the region of the hyoid bone ) that is usually painless, smooth and cystic, though if infected, pain can occur.
The diagnosis of branchial cleft cysts is typically done clinically due to their relatively consistent location in the neck, typically anterior to the sternocleidomastoid muscle. For masses presenting in adulthood , the presumption should be a malignancy until proven otherwise, since carcinomas of the tonsil, tongue base and thyroid may all ...
It usually presents as a painless neck mass, but larger tumors may cause cranial nerve palsies, usually of the vagus nerve and hypoglossal nerve. Glomus tympanicum and Glomus jugulare , also known as jugulotympanic paraganglioma : Both commonly present as a middle ear mass resulting in tinnitus (in 80%) and hearing loss (in 60%).
Lymph nodes may become enlarged in malignant disease. This cervical lymphadenopathy may be reactive or metastatic. [1] Alternatively, enlarged lymph nodes may represent a primary malignancy of the lymphatic system itself, such as lymphoma (both Hodgkin's and non-Hodgkin's), [6] lymphocytic leukemia, [1] Lymphadenopathy that lasts less than two weeks or more than one year with no progressive ...
If a patient has the characteristic signs and symptoms of a pheochromocytoma and the decision is made to pursue additional biochemical (blood work) evaluation, the differential diagnosis is important as it is more likely to be something other than a pheochromocytoma given the relative frequency of 0.8 per 100,000 person-years.