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The notochord is a long, rod-like midline structure that develops dorsal to the gut tube and ventral to the neural tube. The notochord is composed primarily of a glycoproteins core that is encased in a sheath of collagen fibers. This is wound into two opposing helices.
The outer sheath resists changes in fluid pressure in the notochord, allowing for flexibility while simultaneously withstanding contraction. In this way the notochord can be characterized as a hydrostatic organ. [1] During muscle contraction, the notochord also plays an important role in withstanding shortening of the body. [10]
The outer layer is the ectoderm, and the inner layer is the endoderm. [1] [2] The mesoderm forms mesenchyme, mesothelium and coelomocytes. Mesothelium lines coeloms. Mesoderm forms the muscles in a process known as myogenesis, septa (cross-wise partitions) and mesenteries (length-wise partitions); and forms part of the gonads (the rest being ...
Axial mesoderm, or chordamesoderm, is the mesoderm in the embryo that lies along the central axis under the neural tube.. will give rise to notochord; starts as the notochordal process, whose formation finishes at day 20 in humans.
The notochord plays an integral role in the development of the neural tube. Prior to neurulation, during the migration of epiblastic endoderm cells towards the hypoblastic endoderm, the notochordal process opens into an arch termed the notochordal plate and attaches overlying neuroepithelium of the neural plate. The notochordal plate then ...
The dorsal nerve cord is an anatomical feature found in chordate animals, mainly in the subphyla Vertebrata and Cephalochordata, as well as in some hemichordates.It is one of the five embryonic features unique to all chordates, the other four being a notochord, a post-anal tail, an endostyle, and pharyngeal slits.
The notochord extends from the base of the head to the tail; with it extend thick bands of paraxial mesoderm. [ 3 ] As the primitive streak continues to regress, somites form from the paraxial mesoderm by "budding off" rostrally.
The lateral plate cells produce the cartilaginous and skeletal portions of the limb while the myotome cells produce the muscle components. The lateral plate mesodermal cells secrete a fibroblast growth factor (FGF7 and FGF10, presumably) to induce the overlying ectoderm to form an important organizing structure called the apical ectodermal ...