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The Bortle dark-sky scale (usually referred to as simply the Bortle scale) is a nine-level numeric scale that measures the night sky's brightness of a particular location. It quantifies the astronomical observability of celestial objects and the interference caused by light pollution .
John E. Bortle is an American amateur astronomer. He is best known for creating the Bortle scale to quantify the darkness of the night sky. Bortle has made a special study of comets. He has recorded thousands of observations relating to more than 300 comets. From 1977 until 1994 he authored the monthly '"Comet Digest" in Sky and Telescope magazine.
A dark-sky preserve status enables high-quality astronomical observation in Paranal Observatory. [1]A dark-sky preserve (DSP) is an area, usually surrounding a park or observatory, that restricts or reduces light pollution or maintains and protects naturally dark night skies.
The modern scale was mathematically defined to closely match this historical system by Norman Pogson in 1856. The scale is reverse logarithmic: the brighter an object is, the lower its magnitude number. A difference of 1.0 in magnitude corresponds to the brightness ratio of , or about 2.512. For example, a magnitude 2.0 star is 2.512 times as ...
On clear nights around new moon, the sky darkness of Joshua Tree is rated a class 2–4 on the Bortle scale. [ 51 ] [ 52 ] This ranges from an "average dark sky" (class 2) in the easternmost region of the park to a sky quality typical of a rural/ suburban transition (class 4) in the western regions near Palm Springs .
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Calamity James, a British comic book character from The Beano; Calamity Jane, a 1953 film based on the person; Calamity Town, a 1942 novel by Ellery Queen; The Calamity, a central plot point for the 2011 video game Bastion; Calamity, a mod for the 2011 video game Terraria "Calamity", a song by Zayn from his 2021 album Nobody Is Listening
Location: West Branch, Potter, Pennsylvania, United States: Coordinates: 1]: Area: 82 acres (33 ha): Elevation: 2,300 ft (700 m) [1]: Established: 1922 [2]: Named for: A large stand of cherry trees in the park: Visitors: 52,229 [3]: Governing body: Pennsylvania Department of Conservation and Natural Resources: Website: Cherry Springs State Park: Cherry Springs State Park is an 82-acre (33 ha ...