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  2. Newton–Pepys problem - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Newton–Pepys_problem

    The Newton–Pepys problem is a probability problem concerning the probability of throwing sixes from a certain number of dice. [1] In 1693 Samuel Pepys and Isaac Newton corresponded over a problem posed to Pepys by a school teacher named John Smith. [2] The problem was: Which of the following three propositions has the greatest chance of success?

  3. Secretary problem - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Secretary_problem

    Graphs of probabilities of getting the best candidate (red circles) from n applications, and k/n (blue crosses) where k is the sample size. The secretary problem demonstrates a scenario involving optimal stopping theory [1] [2] that is studied extensively in the fields of applied probability, statistics, and decision theory.

  4. Urn problem - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Urn_problem

    In probability and statistics, an urn problem is an idealized mental exercise in which some objects of real interest (such as atoms, people, cars, etc.) are represented as colored balls in an urn or other container. One pretends to remove one or more balls from the urn; the goal is to determine the probability of drawing one color or another ...

  5. Guess 2/3 of the average - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guess_2/3_of_the_average

    Distribution of the 2898 answers to 1983 tie breaker Jeux et Stratégie contest. Alain Ledoux is the founding father of the "guess ⁠ 2 / 3 of the average" game. In 1981, Ledoux used this game as a tie breaker in his French magazine Jeux et Stratégie. He asked about 4,000 readers, who reached the same number of points in previous puzzles ...

  6. Monty Hall problem - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monty_Hall_problem

    What is the probability of winning the car by switching given the player has picked door 1 and the host has opened door 3? The answer to the first question is ⁠ 2 / 3 ⁠, as is shown correctly by the "simple" solutions. But the answer to the second question is now different: the conditional probability the car is behind door 1 or door 2 ...

  7. With high probability - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/With_high_probability

    In mathematics, an event that occurs with high probability (often shortened to w.h.p. or WHP) is one whose probability depends on a certain number n and goes to 1 as n goes to infinity, i.e. the probability of the event occurring can be made as close to 1 as desired by making n big enough.

  8. National Board of Medical Examiners - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Board_of_Medical...

    The National Board of Medical Examiners (NBME), founded in 1915, is a United States non-profit which develops and manages assessments of student physicians. Known for its role in developing the United States Medical Licensing Examination (USMLE) in partnership with the Federation of State Medical Boards (FSMB), USMLE examinations for medical students and residents are used by medical licensing ...

  9. 100 prisoners problem - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/100_prisoners_problem

    Probability distribution of the length of the longest cycle of a random permutation of the numbers 1 to 100. The green area corresponds to the survival probability of the prisoners. In the initial problem, the 100 prisoners are successful if the longest cycle of the permutation has a length of at most 50.

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