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The longleaf pine ecosystem is a temperate coniferous forest ecosystem found within the Southern United States. Spanning pine savannas , sandhills and montane forests , it includes many rare plant and animal species, and is one of the most biodiverse in North America . [ 1 ]
Maritime slash pine savannah in Gulf Coastal Plain southern Mississippi. The eastern woodlands of the United States covered large portions of the southeast side of the continent until the early 20th century. These were in a fire ecology of open grassland and forests with low ground cover of herbs and grasses.
These are woodlands dominated by longleaf pine (Pinus palustris) and subject to frequent fires.The Atlantic coastal plain upland longleaf pine woodlands occur on uplands and on the higher parts of upland-wetland mosaics, while the east Gulf coastal plain interior upland longleaf pine woodlands occur on rolling dissected uplands, inland of the coastal flatlands.
Savannas (aka: longleaf - black gum savannahs; [6] wetland longleaf pine savannas; [29] wetland pine savannas; [28] pine savannah wetlands [5] [13]) If the sandylands described above resemble a well drained and arid version of the uplands, the savanna wetlands might be described as a poorly drained, wet version.
De Soto National Forest, named for 16th-century Spanish conquistador Hernando de Soto, is 518,587 acres (810 sq mi; 2,099 km 2) of pine forests in southern Mississippi. It is one of the most important protected areas for the biological diversity of the Gulf Coast ecoregion of North America.
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Savannas Preserve State Park is predominantly a savanna; open grasslands with sparse South Florida slash pine trees. The park is made up of pine flatwoods, basin marsh, scrubby flatwoods, wet prairie and the Atlantic scrub ridge. Protecting southeast Florida's largest freshwater marsh, the Savannas Preserve State Park manages over 7,000 acres.
A second key factor is moisture. Overall, wet pine savannas have more species than pine savannas, and the distribution of each species within a savanna is intimately connected with soil moisture regimes. Temporary ponds, and seepage areas, are therefore a critical control on plant species composition.