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Sequencing technologies vary in the length of reads produced. Reads of length 20-40 base pairs (bp) are referred to as ultra-short. [2] Typical sequencers produce read lengths in the range of 100-500 bp. [3] However, Pacific Biosciences platforms produce read lengths of approximately 1500 bp. [4] Read length is a factor which can affect the results of biological studies. [5]
Therefore, the total number of reads generated in a single experiment is typically normalized by converting counts to fragments, reads, or counts per million mapped reads (FPM, RPM, or CPM). The difference between RPM and FPM was historically derived during the evolution from single-end sequencing of fragments to paired-end sequencing.
Typically, the reading scale of the middle beam reads in 100 gram increments, the far beam in 10 gram increments, and the front beam can read from 0 to 10 grams. [2] The triple beam balance can be used to measure mass directly from the objects, find mass by difference for liquid , and measure out substances.
According to Method 5210 in Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater, the BOD bottle should include a ground-glass stopper and a flared mouth which form a water seal preventing the air from the outside of the bottle coming in. [1] Method 5210 also recommends to use a paper, a foil or a plastic cup to cap over the mouth of ...
A water bottle is a container that is used to hold liquids, mainly water, for the purpose of transporting a drink while travelling or while otherwise away from a supply of potable water. Water bottles are usually made of plastic , glass , metal, or some combination of those substances.
Energy densities table Storage type Specific energy (MJ/kg) Energy density (MJ/L) Peak recovery efficiency % Practical recovery efficiency % Arbitrary Antimatter ...
The gigantic heart beats 8 to 10 times per minute and each heartbeat can be heard from over 2 miles (3.2 km) away. Their arteries are so large that a full adult size human can swim through them.
After five hours, the plastic bottle's water temperature read 79 °F (26 °C) while the S'well's water read 41 °F (5 °C). After twenty-four hours, the plastic bottle's water was at 84 °F (29 °C), the S'well's water at 69 °F (21 °C). Testing the product's heat retention claim, the testers filled the bottle with hot coffee.