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DPPH has two major applications, both in laboratory research: one is a monitor of chemical reactions involving radicals, most notably it is a common antioxidant assay, [1] and another is a standard of the position and intensity of electron paramagnetic resonance signals.
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Most commonly, antioxidant capacity is measured using the ABTS Decolorization Assay. Other antioxidant capacity assays which use Trolox as a standard include the diphenylpicrylhydrazyl ( DPPH ), oxygen radical absorbance capacity ( ORAC ) and ferric reducing ability of plasma ( FRAP ) assays.
Ferric reducing ability of plasma (FRAP, also Ferric ion reducing antioxidant power) is an antioxidant capacity assay that uses Trolox as a standard. [1] The FRAP assay was first performed by Iris Benzie and J. J. Strain of the Human Nutrition Research Group at the University of Ulster, Coleraine.
If the measured response is binary, the assay is quantal; if not, it is quantitative. [3] A bioassay may be used to detect biological hazards or to give an assessment of the quality of a mixture. [4] A bioassay is often used to monitor water quality as well as wastewater discharges and its impact on the surroundings. [5]
The enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay or ELISA is a diagnostic method for quantitatively or semi-quantitatively determining protein concentrations from blood plasma, serum or cell/tissue extracts in a multi-well plate format (usually 96-wells per plate). Broadly, proteins in solution are absorbed to ELISA plates.
A common use for it is in the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) to detect the binding of molecules to each other. It is commonly used as a substrate with hydrogen peroxide for a peroxidase enzyme (such as horseradish peroxidase ) or alone with blue multicopper oxidase enzymes (such as laccase or bilirubin oxidase ).
Typical dot blot membrane. Darker dots indicate more protein. A dot blot (or slot blot) is a technique in molecular biology used to detect proteins. It represents a simplification of the western blot method, with the exception that the proteins to be detected are not first separated by electrophoresis.