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All degrees and qualifications are cross-classified by type of programmes, position in national degree or qualification structures and cumulative duration at tertiary. 6 Second stage of tertiary education Tertiary programmes leading to the award of an advanced research qualification, e.g. Ph.D.
The test was extensively reviewed by the National Academy of Science in 1989 in the report Fairness in Employment Testing. [3]NAS concluded that the GATB is "adequate in psycho-metric quality", but that there were two problems if it was to be extensively used in practice.
[2] [7] It is also frequently used for educational guidance [5] [6] as one of the most popular career assessment tools. The test was developed in 1927 by psychologist Edward Kellog Strong Jr. to help people exiting the military find suitable jobs. [8] It was revised later by Jo-Ida Hansen and David P. Campbell.
In part, the popularity of this tool is due to the National Defense Education Act of 1958, which funded career guidance in schools. [1] Focus was put onto tools that would help high school students determine which subjects they may want to focus on to reach a chosen career path. Since 1958, career assessment tool options have exploded.
The origin of qualification structures can be traced back to organized education in antique civilizations such as Greece, Sparta, Rome and China.As no specialized career structure existed in these cultures, organized education focused on broad issues of international citizenship, and not on professional preparedness, which was achieved mainly through informal apprenticeships.
Careers advisory services in the UK are typically organisations that offer advice, guidance and counselling on careers. People may use these services for a number of purposes, such as jobhunting, changing careers, getting a promotion, building career skills, returning to work after a career break and professional development.
The size of the qualification may be indicated by it being called an "Award" (less than 120 hours total qualification time/1–12 credits), "Certificate" (121 to 369 hours/13–36 credits) or "Diploma" (370 or more hours/37+ credits). [9] [10] In general usage, qualifications are often compared to the best-known qualification at that level.
Levels of national qualifications will be placed at one of the central reference levels, ranging from basic (Level 1) to advanced (Level 8). This will enable a much easier comparison between national qualifications and should also mean that people do not have to repeat their learning if they move to another country.