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The primary use of large, industrial cooling towers is to remove the heat absorbed in the circulating cooling water systems used in power plants, petroleum refineries, petrochemical plants, natural gas processing plants, food processing plants, semi-conductor plants, and for other industrial facilities such as in condensers of distillation ...
Frederik Karel Theodoor van Iterson (12 March 1877 – 11 December 1957) was a Dutch mechanical engineering professor, who largely developed the typical design of power station natural draught cooling tower, being built from 1918.
Cooling towers of Belleville Nuclear Power Plant: Nuclear power plant France: Belleville-sur-Loire: 541 ft (165 m) 2 cooling towers, base diameter of 147 m / 482 ft Cooling towers of Cattenom Nuclear Power Plant: Nuclear power plant France: Cattenom: 541 ft (165 m) 4 cooling towers, base diameter of 205 m / 673 ft
The total requirement for circulating water at Cottam power station was approximately 259.1 million litres per hour (57 million gallons per hour), and to meet the conditions of the River Board in respect of temperature and water extraction the station was designed to work with a closed circuit cooling tower system drawing only purge and make-up ...
Conemaugh has two hyperbolic natural draft cooling towers which provide recirculating water to cool and condense the steam and to limit the amount of water needed from the river. The plant is one of several in the area, situated near Pennsylvania deep mines and is basically a twin of the Keystone Generating Station , partially owned by PSEG Power.
After having fed the turbine, the steam is condensed by the tertiary cooling loop, which water is at 22 °C. The output coolant achieves 36 °C and is therefore transferred to the 150 m tall natural draught wet-type cooling tower that returns it to the initial temperature. 0.4-0.7 out of 31.6 m 3 /s leave the tower creating the typical plume. [3]
The stacks (or chimneys) provide sufficient natural draft to meet the low draft loss needs. In order to meet higher pressure differentials, the stacks must simultaneously operate with draft fans. [2] Balanced draft: When the static pressure is equal to the atmospheric pressure, the system is referred to as balanced draft.
The evaporative cooling within a windtower causes the air in the tower to sink, driving circulation. This is called passive downdraught evaporative cooling (PDEC). It may also be generated using spray nozzles (which have a tendency to get blocked if the water is hard) or cold-water cooling coils (like hydronic underfloor heating in reverse).