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Macedonia (/ ˌ m æ s ɪ ˈ d oʊ n i ə / ⓘ MASS-ih-DOH-nee-ə; Greek: Μακεδονία, Makedonía), also called Macedon (/ ˈ m æ s ɪ d ɒ n / MASS-ih-don), was an ancient kingdom on the periphery of Archaic and Classical Greece, [6] which later became the dominant state of Hellenistic Greece. [7]
Macedonia, also called Macedon, was ruled continuously by kings from its inception around the middle of the seventh century BC until its conquest by the Roman Republic in 168 BC. Kingship in Macedonia, its earliest attested political institution, was hereditary, exclusively male, and characterized by dynastic politics. [2] [3] [4]
The Kingdom of Macedonia (in dark orange) in c. 336 BC, at the end of the reign of Philip II of Macedon; other territories include Macedonian dependent states (light orange), the Molossians of Epirus (light red), Thessaly (desert sand color), the allied League of Corinth (yellow), neutral states of Sparta and Crete, and the western territories of the Achaemenid Empire in Anatolia (violet purple).
Babylon was ruled by Hammurabi, who created the Code of Hammurabi. Many of Babylon's kings were of foreign origin. Throughout the city's nearly two-thousand year history, it was ruled by kings of native Babylonian (Akkadian), Amorite, Kassite, Elamite, Aramean, Assyrian, Chaldean, Persian, Greek and Parthian origin. A king's cultural and ethnic ...
The first government of ancient Macedonia was established by the Argead dynasty of Macedonian kings during the Archaic period (8th–5th centuries BC). The early history of the ancient kingdom of Macedonia is obscure because of shortcomings in the historical record ; little is known of governmental institutions before the reign of Philip II ...
The fall of Babylon was the decisive event that marked the total defeat of the Neo-Babylonian Empire to the Achaemenid Empire in 539 BC.. Nabonidus, the final Babylonian king and son of the Assyrian priestess Adad-guppi, [2] ascended to the throne in 556 BC, after overthrowing his predecessor Labashi-Marduk.
Ruled jointly with Aeropus II, until he was murdered by Aeropus II 399-394/393 BC: Aeropus II: Joint rule with Orestes until 396 BC, then sole rule 393 BC: Amyntas II: Very brief reign ended with his assassination by an Elimieotan nobleman named Derdas 393 BC: Pausanias: Assassinated by, Amyntas III in the year of his accession 393 BC: Amyntas ...
Seleucus I Nicator (/ s ɪ ˈ l uː k ə s /; [4] Greek: Σέλευκος Νικάτωρ, Séleukos Nikátōr, [b] "Seleucus the Victorious"; c. 358 BC – 281 BC) was a Macedonian Greek general, officer and successor of Alexander the Great who went on to found the eponymous Seleucid Empire, led by the Seleucid dynasty.