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  2. Reference electrode - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reference_electrode

    To focus on the reaction at the working electrode, the reference electrode is standardized with constant (buffered or saturated) concentrations of each participant of the redox reaction. [1] There are many ways reference electrodes are used. The simplest is when the reference electrode is used as a half-cell to build an electrochemical cell.

  3. Silver chloride electrode - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silver_chloride_electrode

    Commercial reference electrodes consist of a glass or plastic tube electrode body. The electrode consists of a metallic silver wire (Ag (s)) coated with a thin layer of silver chloride (AgCl), either physically by dipping the wire in molten silver chloride, chemically by electroplating the wire in concentrated hydrochloric acid (HCl) [3] or electrochemically by oxidising the silver at an anode ...

  4. Electroanalytical methods - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electroanalytical_methods

    Potentiometry passively measures the potential of a solution between two electrodes, affecting the solution very little in the process. One electrode is called the reference electrode and has a constant potential, while the other one is an indicator electrode whose potential changes with the sample's composition. Therefore, the difference in ...

  5. Copper–copper (II) sulfate electrode - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Copper–copper(II)_sulfate...

    The copper–copper(II) sulfate electrode is a reference electrode of the first kind, [1] based on the redox reaction with participation of the metal and its salt, copper(II) sulfate. It is used for measuring electrode potential and is the most commonly used reference electrode for testing cathodic protection corrosion control systems. [ 2 ]

  6. Screen-printed electrodes - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Screen-printed_electrodes

    The screen-printed electrodes (SPEs) are presented as a single device in which there are three different electrodes: [4] Working electrode. Their response is sensitive to the analyte concentration. Reference electrode. It allows the application of a known potential, which is independent of the analyte and other ions concentration.

  7. Potentiometric titration - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Potentiometric_titration

    Reference electrodes generally used are hydrogen electrodes, calomel electrodes, and silver chloride electrodes. The indicator electrode forms an electrochemical half-cell with the interested ions in the test solution. The reference electrode forms the other half-cell. The overall electric potential is calculated as = +. E sol is the potential ...

  8. Working electrode - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Working_electrode

    In electrochemistry, the working electrode is the electrode in an electrochemical system on which the reaction of interest is occurring. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] [ 3 ] The working electrode is often used in conjunction with an auxiliary electrode , and a reference electrode in a three-electrode system .

  9. Reversible hydrogen electrode - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reversible_hydrogen_electrode

    A reversible hydrogen electrode (RHE) is a reference electrode, more specifically a subtype of the standard hydrogen electrodes, for electrochemical processes. Unlike the standard hydrogen electrode, its measured potential does change with the pH, so it can be directly used in the electrolyte. [1] [2] [3]